Sacred Individual Rights

Russell once said that if we can not grasp the core concept of a philosophical thought,it will be difficult to clearly understand the whole theoretical system,more difficult to understand a thinker.“Individuals have rights,and there are things no person or group may do to them(without violating their rights).So strong and far-reaching are these rights that they raise the question of what,if anything,the state and its officials may do.” The fundamental purpose of Nozick's philosophy of politics is to defend the inviolability of individual rights.Thus,it is appropriate to use the individual rights as the starting point to explain the path of the Nozick political thought.How does an individual have rights,and where is the basis of these rights? Does the establishment of the state violate the rights of individuals? What type of state can be compatible with individual rights and freedom? Why the welfare state of Rawlsian violate individual rights and freedom? Nozick argues that self-ownership is a solid foundation for individual rights,and that it is unquestionable for everyone to own it by nature.The entitlement theory shows that everything produced from any legitimate process is justified,which shows that Nozick insists on the idea of procedural justice.However,Nozick's theory of rights is not perfect,his ownership theory is difficult to carry out to the end.The author argues that the weak form of the theory of rights has an advantage,it can guarantee the citizens' private property and freedom,and prevent the government from violating individual.In this paper,I try to explain the whole picture of Nozick's political thought from the perspective of sacred individual rights,and explores the theoretical defects and practical significance of his theory.The full text mainly consists of the introduction and three chapters.Introduction: The main situation of the research at home and abroad,the main ideas,theoretical and practical significance of this paper,as well as innovation and shortcomings.Chapter ?: This paper mainly discusses the background and the environment of Nozick's political thought.The first section discusses the two philosophical sources of Nozick's thought,namely,Locke's theory of natural rights and Kant's end-in-itself formulation.Nozick laid the foundation of extreme liberalism on individual rights,reflecting his return to the theory of natural rights and the transcendence of utilitarianism.The second and third sections discuss the process of the Nozick's ideas,that is,Nozick's the process of critical utilitarianism advocated the individual rights,criticism of the classical contractarianism advocated individual freedom.Chapter ? : mainly explains the whole picture of Nozick's political thought.Previous scholars either simply interpret the “the minimal state” or the comparative study of the entitlement theory and Rawls' Theory of Justice.The author argued that individual rights is the key to Nozick thought system.First,I discuss the supreme of individual rights and explain the basis of individual rights.Secondly,Nozick's entitlement theory based on individual rights shows that he adhered to the procedural distribution of justice.In the end,the author discusses that the minimal state is desirable,that is,the minimal state does not infringe on the rights of the individual.Chapter ?: The author tries to reveal the defects and practical significance of Nozick's rights theory.Any kind of theoretical system is not absolute truth,all of them have some deficiencies.The first section discusses the limitations of the theory of rights,that is,individual rights are not absolute,only relative rationality.As a result,the basis of the theory of Nozick's right seems to be unreliable.The second section mainly discusses the enlightenment of Nozick's right theory to our country,that is,the theory of rights can guarantee the private property and freedom of citizens and restrict the all-round country.