Brazil's Aspiration To Institutional Leadership

As it was seen seriously by all the nations worldwide,a deeper understanding of catastrophic influence it might have has been established as well.Thus,climate is not anymore an intractably scientific thing but a severe political issue.With regard to climate change,broad negotiations and collaboration in a form of multilateral or bilateral institutions have been done well by those nations,which are keen on the issue.The climate diplomacy was,therefore,created while nations interact with other actors within the global climate governance via engagement into the current international or regional institutions or the process of new institutional proposals.Rio Summit of UN Environment and Development in 1992 saw the beginning of global climate diplomacy,in the mean time when Brazil,one of the key emerging countries recently,started its climate diplomacy officially as well,which was actually way earlier than most developing countries in regards to the engagement of global climate governance.Since then,Brazil has been an active actor,under the United Nations Framework Conference on Climate Change(UNFCCC),who always contributed a lot to an effective result during the climate change related negotiations.Domestically,it has done a great job by ratifying “Green Agreement” to make environmental assessment in the bank loan,establishing the inter-ministerial committee of climate change,and creating Brazil climate change forum and so on so forth.Internationally,Brazil was not only a great contributor to the discussion of Kyoto Protocol but the first country to pass and ratify the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol.Besides,it proposed Clean Development Mechanism together with the United States,which is one of three key mechanisms within the Protocol.In 2015,Brazil working with EU made an EU-Brazil Proposal to curb the CO2 emission further more.Brazil has not stopped being actively at the stage of global climate governance and have become a mediator,afterwards,bridging developed and developing countries when there were disagreements between them.In a deeper sense,Climate is an important means for Brazil to achieve its aspiration,that is,to become one of the great powers in the globe.At the perspective of institutional power,the thesis thinks it should contain institutional hegemony,institutional leadership and institutional engagement according to the varieties of different countries.Thus the thesis constructs an action model of these three kinds of institutional power and discusses the relevant actors' actions and their consequences respectively.Taking Brazil's climate diplomacy since1990 s as a case study,the thesis finds out Brazil attached great importance into international and regional institutions in its diplomacy,even though the policies and priorities of each government varied a little bit given to the different situation.During the whole process,Brazil gained its influence in both the region and globe.The thesis argues that it is definitely not accidental phenomena but something strongly related to Brazil's pursuing of institutional power,more accurately,institutional leadership and explains why Brazil pursues it in details.