Prepration Of Competing Sentences Test Materials For Primary School Students And Application In Students With Learning Difficulties

Speech recognition ability with the competitive signals is an important part of the central auditory processing ability,which evaluates the ability of individuals'central auditory system selecting the target information in the background noise or interference signal.lt is reported that about 30?50%of children with learning disabilities have auditory processing disorders from overseas research.Auditory processing disorders may be an main factor causing their Academic difficulties for these children.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to prepare the competing sentences and standarded test materials,and then the test materials are used in Shanghai area from 3 to 5 grade students with learning difficulties to to explore the characteristics of speech recognition ability with competitive signals.And carrying out intervention with the cases existing central auditory processing problem,to verify the effectiveness of the intervention methods.The main contents and results of this study include the following ones:1.The preparation and standardization of competing sentences test materialsBased on the standard of ASHA(2005)competing sentences test,and combined with the characteristics of chinese language structures,we prepares the materials from the following three dimensions:semantic competition,sentence constituent competition and phonetic competition.Then,the items-analysis and the influence factors such as gender,grade,side,and types of competing sentences are analyzed by pretests.The results show that there is a "right ear advantage" in the competing sentences test,and the types of the competing sentences will have an impact on the difficulty of the test.According to the above experimental results,we determine the test specification.Then,samples are taken from 3 to grade 5 students in Shanghai primary school to accept the formal test.We finally form a test table of competing sentences and reference standard for pupils.The reliability of the test results show that the consistency reliability of the raters is 0.98,the consistency coefficient of Cronbach's alpha is 0.79,and the test-retest reliability is about 0.78.In validity aspect,the primary school students' hearing impairment screening questionnaire is used as the criterion,and the correlation coefficient was 0.80(p<0.01).Therefore,the results indicate that the test materials have good reliability and validity.And the test only needs 10 minutes.2.The characteristics of speech recognition ability with competitive signals of students with learning difficultiesThe differences are analysed between 61 ordinary students and 92 students with learning difficulties by 2*2 experimental design.The results are the ones:(1)the speech recognition ability with competition signals of students with learning disability is poorer than that of ordinary students(p<0.01),and regardless of the students with lerning difficulties or ordinary students,there is a significant difference in sentence types(p<0.01).(2)According to the standard of ASHA(2005),the statistical datas of this study show that the proportion of central auditory processing problems in grade 3 to grade 5 students is about 11.48%,so it is necessary to carry out targeted intervention.(3)As test performances,the length of testing of students with learning difficulties is longer than the ordinary students,and the comprehension and response to the test are not as good as that of the ordinary students.3.Study on the intervention of students with learning difficulties in speech recognition with competitive signalsOn the basis of the characteristics of speech recognition ability of the students with learning disabilities,Dichotic Interaural Intensity Difference training is used to intervene 3 students with learning difficulties which scores are below three standard deviation.The designs of the study includ a A-B-A across two subjects and one A-B single subject experiment.Xiao Wang and Xiao Zhang after 6 times of intervention,Xiao Yang after the intervention of the 7 training,the 3 subjects have achieved remarkable results,which are far more than the upper limit of the confidence interval.It is indicated that the dichotic listening intensity training method is effective to improve the speech recognition ability with competitive signals of students with learning difficulties,and timely effect is significant,the sustained effect is still to be strengthened.