The Study Of The Distribution Of Reserving Teenage Talents In Track And Field And Factors To Influence The Distribution

As a basic item of sports,Track and Field is not only a kind of sports practice,but also a cultural carrier,which makes it an important embodiment of a country's comprehensive power.Whether the competitive sports of Track and Field can get a continuing development depends on the cultivation of teenagers who are talented in it,which is one of the most important factors in the development of sports in china.The Guiding Opinions on Further Strengthening of the Cultivation of Reserve Talents in Competitive Sports conducted by the State Administration of Sports requests to give full play to the advantages of the competitive sports in the whole national system,construct an effective training system for reserve talents and put the exploring and training work of young athletes to an important position of national sports development.The training of sports reserve talents and the overall arrangement of sports events exist side by side.Since Track and Field is a competitive sports item which has the largest number of medals,analysis and research on the layout of young athletics talents is not only propitious to distinguish the advantageous items and potential items in the training of Track and Field,but also finds a direction for the cultivation of reserve talents in it.Based on this background,Chongqing has strengthened the training program for young athletes and focuses on the construction of the training system for diversified teenagers who are talented in Track and Field,which is leaded by sports colleges,supported by amateur sports school and supplemented by primary schools,secondary schools and universities.It has also strengthened the management of amateur sports schools and traditional sports schools,which is a symbol that Chongqing has got a breakthrough in its sports field,especially in Track and Field.This paper,which combines the excellent research results,focuses on investigating the current developing situation of young reserve talents in Chongqing.In the hope of providing a right direction for the training of the reserve talents in Track and Field in Chongqing and providing some constructive advice and suggestions for its development,it analyzes the advantageous items,the potential items and the disadvantageous items in Youth Athletics in Chongqing and it factors in the combination of the city's present situation.Using the ways of literature,questionnaire survey,field interviews,statistical analysis,Pareto analysis and other research methods and based on the results of the National High School Athletics Championships in Chongqing during 2013-2016,this paper makes a questionnaire survey on the coaches and athletes in12 schools in Chongqing,analyzing the basic situation of the athletes and coaches,and the results of the competition.According to the analysis,the following conclusions are drawn.Firstly,in recent years,the overall strength of the Youth Track and Field in Chongqing presents an upward trend,but the survey has found that the teenagers are gradually weakened in sprint and jumping events,which does not form an advantage of team and stops their further improvement.Secondly,according to the subjective and objective definition,the advantageous items for men are finally confirmed as the 100-meter,200-meter,400-meter long jump and relay;the potential items are 800-meter,1500-meter long jump and high jump;the disadvantageous items are 3000 meters,5000 meters for throwing and all-round items.The advantageous items for women are 100-meter hurdles,300-meter hurdles,200 meters and 400 meters;the potential items are 100 meters,400-meter hurdles,long jump,triple jump and high jump;the disadvantageous items are 800 meters,1500 meters,3000 meters,throwing and all kinds of items.Thirdly,the sports level of the young athletes in Chongqing is low while the items and the gender distribution of the athletes is not balanced.The motivations of the vast majority of athletes engaged in the Track and Field training are focused on personal preferences and academic pressure.Fourthly,the education level of the coaches are high,but they don't work very long and they don't have a strong sense to continue to learn.The coaches are also faced with the danger of training experience and teaching ability.Fifthly,the factors affecting the distribution of the young reserve talents in Track and Field in Chongqing are the selection of the reserve talents,high-leveled coaches,the funding and investment issues,the influence of incentive mechanism and the impact of technology and market.According to the conclusions and existed problems conducted from the distribution status of the young athletes in the Track and Field in Chongqing and its factors,this paper makes some suggestions.Firstly,develop the advantageous items and establish a multi way of exploring and training system for reserve talents.Secondly,improve the training and evaluation mechanism of coaches and create a high-leveled team of coaches.Thirdly,broaden the funding and establish a special fund for the development of the Youth Track and Field project.Fourthly,construct an ensuring system and incentive mechanism for the Youth Track and Field.Fifthly,provide a system guarantee by improving the policies,regulations and competitive institutions.Sixthly,develop the technology and speed up the development of the Track and Field in a social and market-oriented way.