Impact Study Of Highway Accessibility On The Urban Location In Shandong Province

As an important way of modern transportation, highway achieved rapid growth with the steady economic growth in China. At the same time, the development of highway can promote economic of the urban and have a profound impact on the urban location. The urban location is a more comprehensive concept. In the research, its concept is the city relative location and the inter-contact and the interaction with other cities in the area. No matter the relative location of spatial or the inter-contact and the interaction with other cities, relationship with the construction and development of highway is in separable. Accessibility, important index on measuring highway, can reflect convenient level of inter-city links. Therefore, study the impact of highway accessibility on the urban location, which is very important in the reference and guiding significance to the planning and construction of highway and the coordinated development of social economic.As Shandong province is one of the developed provinces in China, the development and improvement of highway promotes social economic interconnection of inter-city and changes urban location. After analyzing related theories and literature, on the basis of highway in Shandong province as the research background, selection of 17 cities in Shandong province as the research objects, with the aid of spatial network analysis function of ArcGIS software, using the shortest time distance, the weighted average travel time and urban potential, the data are collected by the years of 2000, 2008and2013, measures about accessibility of highway of the17 cities in Shandong province. From the number and importance of urban highway line, space interaction and the socio-economic data into accounting, analysis of the 17 cities on urban location using SPSS software. It was found that,(1) The value of the accessibility is 369.33 in2000, 538.44 in 2008, increased to 735.69 in 2013 by calculate using the method of urban potential, showing that the accessibility of the whole Shandong province improved obviously,and the growth of accessibility in 17 cities presented different amplitude. The accessibility of Jinan, Laiwu, Zibo and Taian has been at the forefront of Shandong province. The accessibility of Qingdao, Weihai, Yantai, Weifang, Dongying, Binzhou, Liaocheng, Jining, Zaozhuang,Dezhou and Linyi is the medium level. The accessibility of Rizhao and Heze is the worst.(2)The urban location is not only with the number of highway through the urban location, but also related to the importance of highway line.(3)The urban location are improved obviously,and the spatial interaction force increased inter cities, but the STDEVP of spatial interaction force from 59.33 in 2000 to 109.88 in 2013,shows that the gap of interaction force is increased.(4)The social economic of Qingdao is located in the first place in Shandong province, the STDEVP of socio-economic score between 17 cities increased from 0.716 in 2000 to 0.724 in2013, suggests that the development of level disparity is largen in socio-economic inter cities.The main conclusions of this research have 3 points, as following:(1) The construction and improvement of the highway can reduce the transportation cost between cities, and make the accessibility of Shandong province significantly improved. But the accessibility of the spatial pattern remained unchanged, showing pattern from Jinan to the surrounding lower. At the same time, the development of the expressway expands the scale of the city, strengthens the spatial interaction between cities, and makes the connection of the city more closely.(2)The STDEVP of the accessibility is 13.21 in 2000, 10.79 in 2008, decreased to 9.06 in2013 by calculate using the method of weighted average travel time, showing that the development of accessibility in Shandong province is tend to be more balanced. The gap of the highway on the distribution between the cities is in a narrow. Space interaction force and the social economic level appear polarization state between cities, standard deviation of spatial interaction from 59.33 in 2000, rose to 109.88 in 2013. The construction and improvement of the highway improve the location level and geographical advantages of the city. But also it makes the regional gap more lager between the cities. At the same time, urban location has certain location pattern, that pattern of the accessibility has more obvious effect in the best and worst city.(3)The number of highway line relation with the development level of cities was positively correlated, and the greater importance of highway line, the greater impact on urban location.