Study On The Efficiency And Spillover Effect Of Fiscal Expenditure On R&D In China

R&D is the core and soul of a nation's innovation,the level of R&D input will directly affects the country's innovation ability and economic development.Therefore,it is important to measure and improve the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation.However,in recent years,the input efficiency is not ideal.Therefore,the analysis and study in the problem of efficiency of R&D investment has important practical significance to adjust the structure and level of the investment in R&D from different regions,and promote the efficiency of R&D.This article mainly expounds the present situation of the input and output of R&D from the following aspects.Firstly,according to the R&D expenditure,the R&D input intensity,the National R&D staff full-time equivalents analysis the scientific and technological input in China.Secondly,according to the patents granted,the number of research papers published in international journals and technical market contract turnover analysis the output of R&D in China.At last,according to the R&D investment intensity and PCT international patent applications for international compare.When analyzing the efficiency of fiscal expenditure in R&D,the main application is DEA method,and the main results were as follows: firstly,during 2000-2013 the total factor productivity change of nation's and 30 regions overall investment in R&D were analyzed,the results show that the 14 year's TFP changes of investment in R&D were fluctuating,and the dropping mainly dragged by the technical efficiency.Secondly,when we analysis the regional technical efficiency,we can find that the efficiency of the east region was obviously lower than that of the western region and higher than the central region in recent years,it has huge differences in the level of economic development.Thirdly,through the decomposition of technical efficiency,which indicates that relative to the scale efficiency,the question of pure technical efficiency highlight.Fourthly,through the three regions in eastern,central and western's return to scale and R&D input redundancy situation analysis,the results showed that R&D input redundancy situation more severe,in recent years the rate of decreasing returns to scale accounted for 60%.Fifth,through the convergence situation of country and three regions in eastern,central and western's R&D input and output,we can find that regional R&D input and output are showing a clear convergence effect.In analyzing the facial R&D input spillover effects,the Moran index test was carried out,the results show that investment in R&D among provincial regions exist spatial autocorrelation.According to the result of Hausman test,fixed effects model was selected;then according to the analysis of maximum likelihood estimation method,both spatial error terms and spatial lag term exist in the model,so the final selection is the fixed effect spatial Durbin model.According to the analysis of spatial Durbin model,the R&D investment among provincial regions emerged very significant spillover effect.Local R&D expenditure,capital investment has a positive role in promoting the local economy development,other space adjacent areas(weighting matrix defined by the adjacent space)of economic development,R&D expenditure and capital investment is also positive to promote the local economic development.By drawing on the calculation method of Hu Angang and Liu shenglong,calculate the output effect on economic growth of R&D.In the end,suggestions to improve the efficiency of investment in R&D put forward.Firstly,fully play the role of government investment in R&D;secondly,improve the scientific and technological input mechanism;thirdly,improve the management system of R&D investment.