| Since 1998,the rapid development of railway transport has contributed indelible force for Chinese regional development and resource integration.Railway transport industry with its small pollution,large transport capacity,limited by the climate and environment constraints occupies a leading position in the transportation.With the high-speed railways and highways from scratch,civil aviation from the previous high-end travel mode evolved into civilians to facilitate travel,the original supply constraints gradually shift to demand constraints.Highway and civil aviation transport against the rail transport has shown a crowding effect.As the rail transport industry is subject to strict price regulation and access regulation,it is difficult to adjust the output and price in a flexible in changing transportation market.Therefore,the railway transport industry is in the competition with the rapid development of highway at a disadvantage,civil aviation and other transportation.The more quantities transportation transfer to the highway and civil aviation.The development of national economy and the development of rail transport promote each other.Railway transportation plays a vital role in improving the degree of market integration.The production efficiency of railway transportation directly affects the development of our economy and society.To explore the level of production efficiency of China's railway transport industry and finding the factors that affect the level of production efficiency,collecting the railway transport industry from 18 years to 18 years of micro-panel data,the use of stochastic frontier analysis method with four estimates model,this paper measured the technical efficiency of railway transport industry and the results show that the railway transport industry technical efficiency Between 0.63-0.95 and the average of the four models is 0.81.the technical efficiency of different railway bureaus is different and improving Space,the results of multiple models can be verified by each other to make the conclusion more credible.Assuming the allocation efficiency of 0.90,the production efficiency of the interval of 0.57-0.85,the overall efficiency of China's railway transport service level is low.With the change of time,the total technical efficiency of Chinese railways is declining in a roundabout way,and there is a tendency of gradual deterioration.And comparing with the efficiency of railway transportation in other countries,it is found that the efficiency of China's railway transport industry needs to be improved.Price regulation is the basis of market regulation of supply and demand,price regulation reform is an important factor affecting the efficiency of rail transport,so the price regulation in the rail transport industry has been the focus of reform,through the literature study of the United States,Japan and the United Kingdom.The mode of reform of the price regulation of the United States,Japan's ruler competition under the price upper limit regulation,the United Kingdom in full privatization,the "network separation mode" price upper limit Regulation.This paper puts forward the reform mode of cargo network integration and passenger transport separation,which can promote competition and improve the production efficiency of railway transportation,with the market share of passenger and freight transportation,market openness and reform.In the price regulation model,the proposed price upper limit regulation,this regulatory model can give the railway transport enterprises more autonomy with an incentive regulation.This paper assumes that the rail transport industry began to implement the price upper limit regulation in 2005,taking 18 railway bureaus as the unit,with 2005-2008 and 2009-2013 as the two price adjustment cycles,using the stochastic frontier analysis method,using four technologies Efficiency estimation model,measured by the technical efficiency changes caused by the price adjustment range and direction.The results show that Hohhot Bureau,Xi'an Bureau,Jinan Bureau and Kunming Bureau are positive,so according to the price upper limit regulation model,the four railway bureau need to lower prices,while other railway bureau value is negative,so the price can be appropriate.Literature research,the United States regulatory reform,the total legislative first,and achieved good results in reform,for reforming steadily,China should speed up the "railway law" amendment.The innovation of this paper is mainly on the improvement of the method.In the research of the railway transportation,the paper uses the non-parameter method and the qualitative point of view to study the efficiency of the railway transportation industry.In this paper,the stochastic frontier method is adopted.This paper analyzes the technical efficiency of railway transportation industry in China and the price upper limit regulation of railway transportation industry in Japan and England,and provides the reference for the price regulation of China railway transportation industry.In the United States,Japan and the United Kingdom,the experience of the railway transport industry has been studied.In order to improve the efficiency of railway transportation,privatization,economic regulation and social regulation have been adopted almost all of them.First of all,in the process of data acquisition,the number of stations under the jurisdiction of a certain railway bureau is partially missing,and the missing data are averagely calculated.Therefore,data processing will be biased,so we can consider further searching for more years.The data,in the form of transcendental logarithmic functions and the form of the Cobb-Douglas function,reduce the bias caused by the data deviation.Second,only the inputs and outputs are considered,but the safety,quality and financial aspects of the railways are important issues to consider in the future.Third,the technical efficiency of this paper is measured using the elastic invariant form of the Cobb-Douglas function,the next step can consider the use of more flexibility beyond the logarithmic function. |
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