| "Edible fungus" is popularly called "mushroom" in daily life, which is a specie of natural macrofungi and can provide rich nutriention and function of medicinal, edible and medicinal and edible. Dictyophora rubrovalvata, Lentinus edodes (Shiitake), Agrocybe aegirit, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia auricula, Tremella fuciformis Berkis, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus eryngii Quel. are traditionally well-known edible mushroom. Person has a history of long awareness and the earilest forthputting from ancient times. High conten of protein and low content of enery and fat as famous feature in edible fungus. So, they are called the "Healthy Food ".1 Pileus of Dictyophora rubrovalvata is the top grid part of Dictyophora rubrovalvata fruitit body. It is recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, which has enhancing immunity, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, swelling and removing heat and phlegm. The dry pileus of Dictyophora rubrovalvata is also known as "Plant Duck" as its irregular grid. This paper use solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, preparative thin layer chromatography and recrystallization as purification methods, mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (NMR) technologies. Six compounds were isolated from pileus of Dictyophora rubrovalvata and were identified as Ergosterol (1), Ergosterol preoxide (2), Uracil (3),4-Hydroxybenzonic acid (4), Methyl oleate (5), CerebrosideA (6).2 The study on fatty acid constituents from 10 species edible fungus in Xi'an1) Chloroform:methanol (2:1, v:v) as the extraction solvent, the crude fatty acid contents are obtained by Soxhlet extractor method from 2.70% to 4.27% in 10 species edible fungus in Xi'an, the highest crude fatty acid content is 4..27% from Pleurotus eryngii Quel, the lowest crude fatty acid content of Tremella fuciformis Berkis, is 2.70%.2) The component and relative content of fatty acids in 10 species edible fungus in Xi'an are determined by GC-MS. Thirty fatty acids were identified. The dominant fatty acids were oleic, linoleic and palmitic acid in all species. Eight kinds of fatty acids are the least in Flammulina velutipes, the most abundant fatty acid species of Agaricus bisporus is 17 species, ten fatty acids in flower-mushroom and Tremella fuciformis Berkis, twelve fatty acids in Hypsizygus marmoreus (Peck) H.E.Bigelow, thirteen fatty acids in Lentinus edodes, fourteen fatty acids in Pleurotus ostreatus, fifteen fatty acids in Auricularia auriculajudae and Pleurotus eryngii.3) Fatty acid compositions of edible mushroom have different characteristics, the number of carbon in fatty acids has even and odd, including saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The content of the unsaturated fatty acids extracted from white fungus is the highest. The sorts of compositions of the unsaturated fatty acids is the most in Auricularia auricula (9 kinds) and Agaricus bisporus(11 kinds). The content of linoleic acid in the mushroom is up to 44.52%, which has a high food value. The second is Agrocybe aegirit which contains linoleic acid. The content of linolenic acid (C18:3) in Maki mushrooms and Hypsizygus marmoreus are the highest, more than about 20%. From the point of the consumption of the essential fatty acids, the content of linolenic acid in the other mushrooms are lower than Maki mushrooms and Hypsizygus marmoreus contain varying amounts of crude fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, but all two kinds are better.4) The values of P/S and S/M/P:P/S values result shows that tremella is minimum, Hypsizygus marmoreus and agrocybe aegirit is the highest. Reasonable proportion of individual fatty acids [SFA:MSFA:PSFA (S/M/P)] in the fat should equal to 1:1:1. The value of S/M/P in Chaxingu, Hypsizygus marmoreus and mushroom conform to the rule of the Chinese Nutrition Society that the amount of fat intaking in daily life. |
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