| As an endemic Chinese species,the Chinese dwarf cherry(Cerasus humilis(Bge.)Sok.)belongs to the Rosaceae family of Cerasus,is a perennial deciduous shrub.The Chinese dwarf cherry fruit is the third generation of functional fruit peculiar to China,the kernel called Yu Li Ren is Chinese medicine,has a laxative,induce diuresis to alleviate edema.Sugar acid is one of the most important factors that affect the taste of fruit.The appearance characters,amygdalin and volatile oil were the important indexes to evaluate the quality of Chinese dwarf cherry kernel,and the reference value for the selection of the kernelled Chinese dwarf cherry.High performance liquid chromatography methods were used to identify and quantify sugar and organic acid contents during different developmental stages of three Chinese dwarf cherry cultivars(Jing ou 1,Jing ou 2 and Jing ou 3).The results manifested that the order of the total sugar and total acid contents were ’Jing ou 3’,’Jing ou 1’,’Jing ou 2’.The total sugar content of Chinese dwarf cherry fruit showed a slow growth trend in color period and increased rapidly in the late stage of fruit development,the total acid content were gradually increased with maturity,declined slightly in a week before maturity in the fruits of Jing ou 1 and Jing ou2.Sucrose,glucose and fructose had a slow growth trend in the fruit mature-green stage and coloring period,then the contents were increased rapidly,and reached the highest point when ripe,malic acid content showed a rising trend in general,and decreased a week before ripening.Citric acid,oxalic acid and succinate contents were decreased with the ripening of the fruit.The sugar-acid ratio had the strongest positive correlation with sucrose content,had the strongest negative correlation with oxalic acid.The relation of sugar-acid ratio with the days after fruit setting was exponential function of y=0.05 e(0 04x).The content of sucrose and malic acid were the main factors influencing fruit flavor of Chinese dwarf cherry.The commercial stage to ripe stage was the key period for growth and accumulation of acids and sugars in of Jing ou 1,Jing ou 2 and Jing ou 3 Chinese dwarf cherry fruits.Kernel of 19 Chinese dwarf cherry germplasms were used as experimental materials,its appearance characteristics were detected,mygdalin content and volatile oil composition analyzed by HPLC、GC-MS,respectively.The kernel has obvious difference in morphological indexes,vertical diameter,transverse diameter and kernel index had small coefficients,it means that these traits index have good genetic stability,on other hand,nut and kerne had relatively large genetic variation coefficients and means they has potential for screening high-quality seed sources.Correlation analysis showed that kernel dry weight was proportional to nuclear character indexs,select the kerneled Chinese dwarf cherry can refer to nuclear traits.Cluster analysis divided 19 Chinese dwarf cherry germplasms into 3 groups by each character index,The first group was characterized by high of kernel dry weight and kernel rate and highest amygdalin content,the second group was characterized by lowest dry weight and amygdalin content,the third group had the lowest kernel rate,but had the relatively large dry weight and the amygdalin content.Number 6,7,11,16 and 17 of the first category has a greater potential to cultivate high-quality varieties of Chinese dwarf cherry kernel.30 kinds of volatiles were detected from Chinese dwarf cherry kernel of 19 germplasms,the major volatiles were mainly alkanes and fatty acids,5-methyl propyl-5-nonanes,4,6-dimethyl dodecane,1,8-methyl dioctylmethane,n-eicosane,benzaldehyde,oleic acid and linoleic acid.The results of cluster analysis were divided into four groups which based on volatile oil components,the first class(6,9,15,16,17)had high content of alkanes and fatty acid,the second class(10)had highest alkane content,the third class(13,19)had highest fatty acid content,the fourth class(the other 12 germplasms)had the most abundant volatile oil,and its fatty acid and alkane content were relatively high.According to the results of two cluster analysis,the germplasm of 7 and 11 could be used as an excellent kerneled Chinese dwarf cherry.Determination of 11 kinds of appearance and amygdalin content and volatile oil composition and percentage content of kernel of jingoul,jingou2 and jingou3 which were planted in the area of Beijing,Hebei and Inner Mongolia.The appearance and intrinsic components of Chinese dwarf cherry kernel vary with varieties and areas,the appearance quality of Chinese dwarf cherry kernel which produced Zhenglan Banner of Inner Mongolia Province was better,the kernel of jingou2 is more suitable for medicinal.Jingouland jingou3 of Zhangbei county of Hebei Province,and jingou3 of Zhenglan Banner of Inner Mongolia Province have high amygdalin content.Jingou2 and jingou3 from Changping District of Beijing have low content of amygdalin.47 kinds of volatile compounds were detected in different producing areas and different varieties,14 hydrocarbons,7 ketones,4 aldehydes,3 alcohols and 19 kinds of fatty acids were included.The average percentage of hydrocarbons reached 51.17%,fatty acids content reached 39.47%,alcohol content was extremely low.There are 8 kinds of saturated fatty acids,accounting for 19.7%of the total volatile oil,and the other 11 kinds of unsaturated fatty acids,accounting for about 80.3%.Saturated fatty acids were mainly composed of palmitic acid and stearic acid,and palmitic acid,linoleic acid and oleic acid were major saturated fatty acids.Fatty acid composition varies greatly with regions and varieties.Jingou3 of Zhenglan Banner,Inner Mongolia Province had the most abundant fatty acid. |
