A Review Of The Study On The Settlement Patterns Of The Viru Valley In Peru

This article can be divided into four parts.The first chapter includes two parts. The first part firstly introduces the great influence of the research of Gordon to the worldwide settlement archaeology while also points out that his study has three main weaknesses. He uses the modern idea'community'in a wrong way to research the ancient organization conditions firstly.Secondly Gordon overvalues the functions of the special buildings. Thirdly the social system that he rebuilds always contradicts each other. The second part introduces the basic contents of the book Prehistoric Settlement Patterns in the Viru Valley published in 1953.The second chapter mainly discusses the theory and method of the settlement pattern study of Gordon Willey. He is not only the founder of the systematic settlement archaeology practice but also the first researcher who study the settlement archaeology with the systematic filed survey. But he did not propose a set of precise and specific settlement archaeology theory. His theory can be reflected in the charts and sentences. So Chapter Two focuses on recovering his theory and practice by his analysis in the book mainly. This chapter firstly reviews the difference between "site"?"settlement" and "community" and analyses how Gordon uses the transitional idea "settlement" to make a connection between "site" and "community". Secondly this chapter reviews the principles that Gordon uses to identify the relationships between settlements including spacial distance?terrain?special sites and the size of the sites. And on that basis this part summarizes the quantity?patterns and types of the organizations made of those settlements. Thirdly this chapter reviews the principles that Gordon uses to identify the relationships between the settlement groups. And on that basis it gets the primary quantity statics.The third chapter does a further analysis of the contributions of Gordon's theories and practices on the basis of Chapter Two including using settlement pattern to study the relationships between settlements and paying attention to cultural connotation?spatial distance?terrain?pictures?geographic unit?population. This part also points out some contradictions from some samples and summarizes the weaknesses of his study.The fourth chapter plans to use the other new theories to research the basic files in the book to make a different analysis to solve the contradictions mentioned in Chapter Three. Considering the theory "the pattern of settlement group cluster" is very abstract, so this part firstly introduces some other files to make a foundation mainly. The ethology material is mainly mentioned to track the origin of "the pattern of settlement group cluster" behavior. And the result suggests that habit is coming from "territory behavior". This part offers the ethnography material of the settlement distribution of the Naxi nationality in Yongning affected by the marriage institution to make a comparison. At the end this chapter recovers the social organizations reflected by the settlement patterns. Based on the level of organization, this part divides the Viru Valley into three phases including settlement group, settlement group cluster and settlement flock and analyses the difference the three phases between Gordon's research.The essence of the settlement archaeology of Gordon is using the agent idea "settlement" to make a connection between sites and community to accomplish the goal to recover the social organizations.