Research On Settlement Archaeology Fish Xi'an Walled Site

Yuhuazhai site was located in the Guanzhong hinterland. It was an important discovery of the Yangshao Culture settlement site which is situated in Weishui Basin in recent years. This site had a long time span with large quantity of the sites and relics and deep cultural stratifications. This is an ideal material for our research. Based on the archaeological materials of Yuhuazhai site, we used many research methods which contain archaeology stratigraphy, typology, and settlement archaeology to research the settlement pattern forms of every period of Yuhuazhai. Meanwhile, we tried to discuss the evolution of the Yangshao Culture’s settlement in Weishui Basin. This issue is discussed from four aspects.Firstly, to define the time-space scope of the Yangshao Culture and the Yangshao Culture in Weishui Basin. Reviewed the general situation of the study of settlement archaeology in Weishui Basin by combining with excavation of settlement sites. There are three stages of settlement archaeology research: settlement research appearance, the rise and the development of settlement archaeology. The issue introduced the theoretical basis and research methods.Secondly, introduced the natural environment of Xi’ an and the situation of discovery and excavation of Yuhuazhai. Focus on period division research of the Yangshao Culture in Yuhuazhai, it would be divided into three periods five sections. The first to third period belongs to the early Yangshao Culture, which were the early three development stages. The fourth period belongs to the middle Yangshao Culture. The fifth period belongs to end of the Yangshao Culture. The view which was divided the early Yangshao Culture from two sections to three sections was developed. In view of the importance of the remains in first period of Yuhua Zhai, we carried on the key discussion on its cultural nature. We thought the first period of Yuhua Zhai still beyonds the Yangshao Culture and its times should be the earliest stage of Yangshao Culture in Weishui Basin. The period division was the basis of study in settlement form further below.Thirdly, it was found that the houses in Yuhuazhai site included living room and storage according to organize settlement units, define the phases of settlement, investigate every period remains unit in classification, investigate the development and change on every kind of remains, and analyze the nature and function of single house. The majority is living room. Studied on the settlement form of every period of Yangshao Culture in Yuhuazhai site. Divided the settlement of the second period with five phases and discussed settlement form in a strong synchronism based on that there were five layers in the remains of the second period. The settlement of Yangshao Culture in Yuhuazhai site had experienced a developing constantly in the process of evolution. The settlement form of the first period was primitive which was in the initial stage. There were five phases in the development of settlement of the second period. It was a peak in the end of settlement development. Settlement form was condensed introverted type and was probably appeared internal and external double ring graff. Settlement form in the third period was condensed extrovert type. The structure was still double ring graff in early stage.Fourthly, investigation on settlement form of Yangshao Culture in Weishui basin. Focused on the investigation of early settlement in Yangshao Culture. It was considered that early remains of Yangshao Culture in Yuhuazhai site was divided into three sections by comparative study on other excavated typical site in Weishui basin. It was corresponding to the three sections in Yuhuazhai site. The settlement form of early section in early period of Yangshao Culture was primitive and immature. The settlement form of middle section was mature and the layout was condensed type. The settlement of late section was condensed type and the form began to appear diversification which included introverted and extrovert type. It was not significant for settlement differentiation in early settlements.The main idea of this paper was to select Yuhuazhai sit as the case for settlement archaeological study, investigate settlement form of every period base on the strongest synchronic, and study on archaeological regional settlement.