Drought And Social Response Research In Ningxia During The Qing Dynasty To The Ming Dynasty

Natural disasters are frequent in the period of Chinese history,the drought is one of the most serious disasters.Due to being landlocked Ningxia' climate conditions and the natural environment is not superior,so it increased the incidence of droughts.During Qing dynasty to the period of the republic of China,the large-scaledevelopmentinNingxiahaveseriouslydamagedthelocalenvironment,increased the incidence of droughts.And due to the geographical differences the droughts have the obvious geographical characteristics.To research the droughts in Ningxia,it can provide vitally reference value to Ningxia based on summarizing the droughts distribution,analyze its social impact,and explore the social relief mechanism'achievement and insufficient.Firstly,based on the statistical analysisof relevant historical data of droughts in Ningxia,the paper account the general situation of the droughts disaster.On the basis of interannual,season®ion it systematically analyses the temporal andspatial distribution of drought in Ningxia province.Secondly,From the aspects of population change,socio-economic and ethical,the paper demonstrates the social impact and analysis the reason of the droughts from the study of smoking and the government's financial.Because the Ningxia's environment is vulnerability so the destructive effect is bigger,and lead to a great wave of population emigration.Meanwhile,being congenitally deficient made it depend heavily on central government in finance.During the middle and lateperiods of Qing Dynasty,due to the arrangement of army in northwest area,the strategic position of Ningxia was promoted.Thus,Ningxia has gained more support form central government,resulting in the formation of Co-rating System.Then in Republic of China,the turbulent political scene damaged the basis of Co-rating System.As a result,the fiscal capacity of Ningxia was affected and the destructive power of the drought was intensified.Corp structure played a role in preventing drought to some degree.Form Late Qing Dynasty,poppy cultivation had expanded continuously and the proportion of poppy took up 1/10 or more of the whole land until the early and middle periods of the Republic of China.What's more,the land for poppy cultivation was better comparatively.So poppy cultivation aggravate the frequency and influence.In addition,I looked into the developments,advantages and disadvantages of the methods to preventing drought in Ningxia during Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China by studying the storage and water conservancy.Then I illustrated the collaboration between the government and the civilian force on basis of rain god belief.Next,I made comparative study on the relief policy of Na Yancheng and the relief in Ningxia during middle and late periods of the Republic of China.Lastly,I pointed out the attendance and statue of the folk force in preventing drought.The government had an absolute advantage over preventing drought and relieving the victims of the disaster.In Late Qing Dynasty,as the country failed,the effects of the relief of the folk force arose.Then in early period of the Republic of China when the government lost its control,the folk power became the key role in relief.The government regained his position in relief since the recombination of Nanking government.Hence,the power of folk force in preventing drought has been increasing continuously,as well as the frequency of participation.However,folk force assisted the government who was the main force.