A Multi-angle Study Of Chinese "and"

"Er" is a conjunctive used in ancient Chinese,which has a wider scope of use and a more complex function usage."Er" has been in use ever since,the frequency of use in modern Chinese is also very high.In general,previous studies on "Er" are more,but lack of comprehensive introduction and some excavations of special usage.The purpose of this study is to describe these deficiencies in more detail,generalization and analysis.On the premise of grasping the nature and function of a comprehensive description of "Er",we conduct a multi-angle study of "Er" in modern Chinese.For this reason,this article analyzes the nature,usage and historical evolution source and mechanism of "Er" from several perspectives including semantics,syntax,pragmatics,cognition,function and rhythm.This article is divided into five chapters,firstly,the chapter conducts comprehensive introduction on the property and functions of “Er”.Then,four chapters conduct comprehensive analysis on “Er” in subject-predicate,formatted,suspended and subordinate structures.The first chapter mainly introduces the two parts of "Er" : conjunctions and auxiliary words.The conjunction of “er” indicates four categories: coordination,transition,turn,and assumption.The auxiliary word "Er" is mainly used between the adverbials and core words,as the mark of adverbial “De(地)”.The second chapter elaborates the "Er" in the subject and verb,first introduces the nature of the "Subject+Er+Verb" structure.Besides,it also analyzes hypothetical nature of “Er” from the perspective of semantic relations.Lastly,it discusses the nouns and topics before “Er” to explain the declarative nature of this structure.The third chapter elaborates the format of "From X to Y”.Firstly,it describes the basic properties and functions of this structure from the components of composition,syntactic function and semantic language.Then the evolution and motivation of the whole format of " From X to Y” are analyzed from the preposition "由(by)".The fourth chapter elaborates the "Er" in the suspended form,which is a special usage in the relationship of succession,which only retains the central language after "Er",and the adverbial is implicit in the deep.This chapter mainly introduces the character,syntactic position and its parallel function of the prefix "Er".The fifth chapter expounds the "Er" in partial formality,which mainly analyzes the part of speech of "and" in the structure of "PP + Er + VP".It mainly analyzes the changes of the nature and function of "Er" from four aspects: the distribution of syntax,the function of expression,the law of appearance and the characteristics of its nature,and thus proves that “Er" has been further reduced from conjunction to auxiliary,as the mark of adverbial “De(地)”.