Research On German Instructors During The New Army And Self-strength

Modern Chinese military field lags behind the world trend, while Germany from middle late 19th century to the 20th century has been the forerunner in the military field all over the world, the new army and the army of self-improvement is China's first batch of modernization of the forces, which consists of the German learning training, and therefore deeply play under the German mark. During the period of the new army and the army of self-improvement of German instructors of relatively weak, first of all, this paper is to clear German instructors of the deeds of this period, and then from the perspective of German instructors to see new army and the army of self-improvement, in order to discuss the status and function in the process of China's military modernization in.This paper is divided into five chapters:The first chapter mainly discusses the organization to take Germany as the main partner from the background of western employment instructors. The key to the rise of Germany is the unification of Germany and the establishment of a strong army of the army. The Qing government in the process of learning from the west, the powerful army of the German empire gave the impression that the Qing government is most profound. Qing government in the early period of military cooperation with Britain and France suffered setbacks, it turned to strengthen the pragmatic cooperation with the German integrity.The second chapter from the formation process of the German military education system. First of all, this paper discusses the internal cause of the new military education and the development of the times, which causes the change of the strategy and tactics. Secondly, this paper introduces the general situation of the development of the new military education and its limitations. The West from the perspective of theory relative to the advanced nature of the old law.The third chapter introduces the situation and role of German instructors in the new army. After the Sino Japanese War, the Qing government decided to hire German instructors, the German Association for training a new army. Then introduced the German instructors are employed as motivation, Parsons, Mu Xingli, Borone, Mander, Qi Kaifen, Waibel, Bishi, Goldstar these eight people were in the new army as are introduced in detail.The fourth chapter introduces the situation and role of the German army and instructor. After the outbreak of the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, Qing government's old army in modern Japanese army attack does not resist the force, the Qing government after this fiasco began to reflect on their own in the military fully behind. About the fall of 1895, Xu Jingcheng Zhang Zhidong in Germany on behalf of the recruitment of 35 German teachers arrived in succession, which led to the German major to spring. They are self taught as the army in addition to the camp, as commanding the whistle. Zhang Zhidong return Viceroy this post, self army had been managed by Jiang Du Liu Kunyi, so Zhang Zhidong on the captain Peleg root Libert event hired Han back to Hubei, Ren Wubei Institute of general learning, but didn't give the opportunity to his troops.The fifth chapter compares the different and the concept of the new army and the self army for the German instructors, and carries on the overall evaluation. New army and the army of self-improvement in order to use the SIFA for military training, through a variety of channels hired varying amounts of German army officers and NCOs purported learning to teach, but Yuan Shikai and Zhang Zhidong used these foreign learning way is different, there should be differences in their early years of experience and understanding of the military. Both Zhang Zhidong or yuan must extent promotes the then military development, changing the Westernization Movement of heavy equipment and light making claims to promote the modernization of Chinese military.The new army and the army created the first modern Chinese army. The course of China's military modernization from the perspective of German instructors is conducive to the objective evaluation of the experience and lessons in the process of the modernization of China's armed forces.