An Analysis Of Stephen Walter's Defensive Realism Theory

International politics is a political phenomenon in the international community.In recent years,with the continuous changes in the productive forces of human society,the new phenomenon of international politics emerges one after another,which has changed the political relations between countries.With the continuous development of China's international politics and the deepening of domestic and international issues,Defensive Realism Theory has been gradually understood by domestic scholars.Stephen M.Walter(Stephen M.Walt)and the balance of threat theory is increasingly accepted by Chinese scholars,which is as Jack Snyder(Jack Snyder)defensive realism theory after the standard bearer of the most representative.Stephen M.Walter's masterpiece the origin of the Union Empire myth of Jack Snyder's masterpiece and Stephen Van Efra(Stephen Van Evera)the cause of war has constituted the three peak in the history of the development of defensive realism theory,which has received much attention in the international community.However,Chinese scholars on the introduction of Stephen M.Walter's Defensive Realism Theory is relatively small,or not a system.Therefore,this paper studies the theory of Walter Defensive Realism Theory from a systemic perspective.The first part discusses the background of Walter Defensive Realism Theory.From the reality of the international situation,the international political and social phenomenon emerge in an endless stream.The United States has happened the new changes in the situation at home and abroad.The United States has declined in the influence of the international community.The United States needs to deal with relations about other countries in the international community.Under the reform of the Soviet Union,Gorbachev advocated a new diplomatic thinking,which made the United States and the Soviet Union to ease the conflict between the two camps.Japan's economic strength get rid of the U.S.gradually.China began to improve diplomatic relations with the United States and Japan and other countries,and strengthen cooperation with the third world countries,which increases Chinese the influence on the world stage.From the need of new theory,with the development of the international situation,Woltz's Structural Realism Theory which lacksexplanatory power of the real world and exposes the defectsis not suitable for the needs of the international community,which times calls for the emergence of a new theory.From the point of view of the origin of thought,Walter's Defensive Realism Theory is the inheritance of realism theory.Walter's Defensive Realism Theory not only has absorbed the reasonable core of Traditional Realism Theory but also has absorbed the essence of Woltz Structural Realism Theory.There has three aspects about inheritance of Traditional Realism Theory:the evil nature of human thought,the balance of power which is the best way to maintain peace,not paying enough attention to morality and relevant value.The essence of Woltz's structural realism is mainly reflected in three aspects:recognition of the power of thought,the recognition of "state" as the basic unit of the international system and reasonable inheritance of Woltz's Structure Realism Theory about the Balance of Power Theory partly.The third part focuses on the core content of Stephen M.Walter's Defensive Realism Theory that is called "the Theory of Threat Balance".The "the Theory of Threat Balance" mainly includes four hypotheses: basic theoretical assumptions of checks and balances,the basic assumptions of the relationship between ideology and Alliance,basic assumptions on the relationship between foreign aid and Alliance Establishment,the hypothesis of the relationship between infiltration and Alliance Establishment.The typical case of international relations is chosen to explain the abstract theory about threat the Theory of Threat Balance.Explaination the assumption of checks and balances perform in two aspects:after the outbreak of war in the Soviet Union and germany,United States,Britain,France and other countries the anti fascist Alliance support the Soviet Union and set up the anti-fascist Alliance in order to check and balance the threat from Germany,British and French sacrifice Poland and take the policy of appeasement about Germany.Explaination ideology and alliance relations hypothesis perform in alliance between China and Soviet Union at the early stage of the founding of new China,and China and the Soviet Union relationship breakdown case.Explaination the relationship between the establishment of foreign aid and alliance with the establishment hypothesis perform in establishment of the US and Japan Alliance and perform that Chinese aid to Vietnam war case.Explaination the relationship between infiltration and alliance with the establishment hypothesis perform in great changes in Poland,and perform that American ambassador to the Philippines permeate Philippines.The third part is a comparison between Walter's Defensive Realism Theory and other Realistic Theories Thoughts.Firstly,we can get the uniqueness of Walter's Theory by comparing Walter's Defensive Realism Theory with Meaarsheimer's Offensive Realism Theory.Secondly,we can know more about Walter's Defensive Realism Theory through the comparative analysis of Schweller's Defensive Realism Theoryand Walter's Defensive Realism Theory in the Defensive Realism Theory.The fourth part focuses on the theoretical contribution and limitations of Walter's Defensive Realism Theory.The first is the contribution of Walter's Defensive Realism Theory,which performs in three aspectsmainly.Firstly,Walter's Defensive Realism Theory finds a way to ease the security dilemma.Secondly,Walter's theory of relativity between attack and defense makes Walter's theoretical explanatory power more flexible.Thirdly,Walter's theory corrects the malfunction of Woltz's theory about balance of power theory.In addition,the limitations of Walter's Defensive Realism Theory performs in two pointsmainly.On the one hand,Walter's theory is insufficient to estimate the ideological factors of alliance formation.On the other hand,Walter's theoretical model is too simplified.On the basis of the above research,this paper discusses the Enlightenment of Walter's Defensive Realism Theory to china.I think that China should strengthen the building of national defense and military,improve the country's soft power construction,adhere to defensive security strategy.