Research On Teaching Planning Of Primary And Secondary School Teachers

Teachers and classrooms rarely function effectively without some kind of planning.Teacher planning means that teachers make systemic planning about teaching based on their own understanding of teaching and analysis of learners,curriculum and situations.Teacher planning is a dynamic system which includes teaching ideas,objectives,actions,strategies and methods.It is thus characterized as a dynamic system that requires orderly and comprehensive thinking,rational and scientific objectives as well as teachers’ abundant experience and practices.It could be said that there are feasibilities and necessities to bring forward this concept due to the historical backgrounds.Recently,the society has paid high attention to diversification and individuation which urges teachers do some relevant changes.Besides,in the process of curriculum reform,teachers have more autonomies which has made it possible for them to have their own teacher planning.In addition,there is probably no doubt that teacher planning has a lot of advantages: it is the premise of effective teaching,the basis of professional development,the need for teachers to gain individualized development and the power of changing learners’ learning habits.Besides providing a description of teacher’s planning,this study was intended to formulate a general model of the teacher planning process.This process model has two major purposes.The first purpose of the model is to describe and speculate about the components of teacher planning and their interrelationships.The second purpose of the model is to lay a basis for further theory and research on teacher planning.The focus of the process model is the individual,precative,deliberate information-processing involved in planning,from an initial idea to its execution in the classroom.First,teaching confusion and teaching difficulties stimulate teachers’ motivation to modify their teaching.Second,when confusion and difficulties arise,some teachers keep on thinking and rethinking profoundly.During this period,they usually connect their experience as well as teaching theories,and rarely ignore their own true feelings about teaching.Besides,some aspects like characteristics of discipline,students’ interests and teaching methods would draw more attention of them.Third,teacher planning is not just a concept nor a specific action,it is a structural system which requires a carefully holistic and systematic design.The design represents three stages including objectives formulating,planning elaborating and instantevaluation.Fourth,when the teacher planning becomes more specific and perfect,teachers would apply it to actual teaching.And finally,teacher planning would be internalized by teachers and influence their teaching in a potential way.Besides some teachers do not have autonomous consciousness about planing teaching at all,due to the results of interview with several participants,some of them would plan their instruction,however,there are still some phenomenons deserves further rethinking.Practically,some teachers would design their own plan for teaching initially,while there still have been several problems such as the lack of planing consciousness,the weak of rational ability as well as the short of specialization,which deserves deep research.To determine the main reasons behind these problems,first,there has been a stereotype that regarding teachers as just executors.Besides,there still has been a tendency towards technology rationality.In addition,some teachers are lack of instruction professionalization.Some teachers have obvious features of making teacher planning.For some teachers,although they have motivation,they have relatively less abilities to make logical planning.In words,it probably could not be denied that making teacher planning would help teachers shape their professional consciousness,as a result,the question is how to motivate and help teachers make highly effective teaching planning? For teachers,firstly,in order to make excellent teacher planning,they are entitled to realize their sense of participation and motivate their teaching initiative activeness.Then,it is not enough to be isolated with their experience,it would be better for them to surpass subjective experience and develop rational thinking.Besides,teachers ought to plan their teaching with complexity thinking which ask teachers to think about teaching thoroughly and carefully.In addition to teachers’ own effort,schools also play an important role to motivate and help teachers make teacher planning.Schools should notice teachers’ basic status in teaching.And schools should not only make some systematical plans in schools level,but also need to leave some free apace to teachers to make teachers’ own planning.Besides,there should be more teaching training projects that could cultivate teachers’ motivation to make plans in both explicit and implicit ways.Last but not least,in the aspect of strategies,schools could organize some discussion or teaching research activities across grades,which would help teachers gain a more comprehensive understanding about teaching content as well as learners’ features.