Inter-departmental Collaborative Optimization Research In The Organization And Implementation Of Shanghai Professional And Technical Qualification Examination

National professional & technical qualification examination(abbr.“professional exam”)is an important means to identify professional and technical talents.The examination has been implemented for nearly thirty years,making a positive contribution to the discovery,training,allocation and growth of talents in China.As the exam is attracting more and more attention across the country,its scale has been expanded year by year.However,in front of complicated exam circumstances,it is difficult for one unit to accomplish its implementation independently.Professional exam is now facing unprecedented difficulties and challenges.To effectively cope with the situation,Shanghai Professional Testing Authority has tried a lot of ways to collaborate with relevant units,such as establishing joint meetings,organizing special actions,standardizing examination rooms,founding a volunteer team as well as promoting honesty exam system,which has received a good result with all those methods applied so far.But at present,cross-unit collaboration has faced many difficulties,including highly dependent on hierarchical vertical collaboration,passive synergy characterized by "special actions",policy barriers existed between different units and departments,etc.All those problems have limited synergies,showing a strong character of the rule of man instead of the rule of law,as well as benefit-oriented collaboration.The main reasons for those problems may lie in nature of different units and departments,test mode,institutional mechanism,funding guarantee,management of external environment,etc.In order to change this situation,measures could be taken from macro,intermediate,microscopic levels,based on the analysis of collaborative management theory,as well as the status and characteristics of the examination.To effectively organize and implement professional exams,the following methods could be taken into consideration,such as clear legal positioning of the examination,entrusting legal administrative enforcement power,establishing comprehensive decision-making and management system,reinforcing centralized management by expected units,strengthening financial support,establishing incentive mechanism and supervision mechanism,resource integration,focusing on latest technical methods,etc.