| With the outbreak of the British Industrial Revolution during 1760 s, Britain led the urbanization and the urbanization started to accelerate quickly. The parts of the city born is relying on its mineral resources, such as the Birmingham and Newcastle possessed the abundant coal, the United States Pittsburgh and Houston with the "World Steel Capital" and "World oil capital" and so on. But the theory of "resource curse" in history of economic development suggested that resource play a key role in the initial accumulation of national wealth indeed, but we confronted with more problems that resource-related economic and social, especially the mineral resources economy more vulnerable. China is also face to the same problem, rising of a number of industrial cities in the early days, although these cities have great difference from other foreign cities in terms of the natural environment, natural resources, historical development, social and economic institutions, these cities have established an independent industrial system by mining development and made outstanding contributions to our industry in difficult times, and formed a large resource type color development characteristics of industrialization and urbanization. Oasis mining city in China is the city type of special natural and geographical environment in northwest arid areas, and it has distinctive characteristics of mining cities, the characteristics, cause, strategies for future development and other issues of temporal and spatial extensions is a scientific issues that worth exploring. Therefore, this study based on the RS and GIS techniques, combined with land use / cover change(LUCC), correlation analysis and principal component analysis, selected five Chinese mining oasis city(Karamay city, Yumen city, Jiayuguan city, Jinchang city and Shizuishan city), analysed these five spatial and temporal characteristics, deffferences, the driving factors and issues of urban expansion, and purposefully proposed five rational countermeasures for urban development. In this paper, the main conclusions were as follows:(1) In recent 29 years, five cities showed a trend of expansion, but the change trend and speed of entension are not the same. Therein, Karamay city and Shizuishan city expanded the fastest, the slowest expansion is Yumen city. Moreover, Karamay city and Jinchang city still showed a expended trends, but Yumen city, Jiayuguan city and Shizuishan city exhibited first fast back slow entension trend, and these three cities met extended peak in 1999-2006.(2) In recent 29 years, five city spatial structure change different, Karamay city was centralized mass distribution of " four urban of a city ", Yumen city from " a urban of a city " into a " two urban of a city, " decentralized layout, Jiayuguan city transform from "a city of three districts," into " two garden, four urban one city," layout; Jinchang city is from "two districts one city" to "three districts one city" layout, Shizuishan city is from " two urban of a city" to " three pieces of a city " spatial layout.In addition, compactness and fractal dimension calculation shows that the morphology of five cities each also are not identical. Except Yumen city have a minimum changes, Jiayuguan city have the most simple pattern and showed stable development trend, Karamay demonstrated form complex to simple development, Jinchang city is from simple to complex development and Shizuishan city deviate compact yet simple development trend.Shift index of the center of gravity calculation shows that, Karamay city transferred towards to the southwest, Yumen city transferred towards to the northeast, Jiayuguan city transferred towards to the southeast, Jinchang transferred to the northeast, Shizuishan transferred to the southwest.(3) The driving factors of expansion were complexity and diversity in Oasis mining cities, it mainly affected by geological features, resources, urban functions in early times, in particular resources controlled the development level of economic and urban expansion speed of the mining city, to a certain extent. And besides the factors discussed above, but also affected by the traffic and urban planning when urban development to a certain stage, and urban expansion affected by LUCC, and the combined effects of social and economic.LUCC showed that five cities have characteristics of increased in arable land and construction land, decreased in grassland and unused land in recent 29 years, the degradation of urban grassland, especially in Karamay city and Jiayuguan city, showed most significant decrease trends and reduced 22.34%, 17.18% respectively. The construction land had the largest amplitude and the sequence showed Jiayuguan > Jinchang > Shizuishan > Karamay > Yumen. New construction sites come mainly from grassland, arable land and unused land, new arable come mainly from grassland and unused land, grassland mainly swithed into arable land and unused land.Socio-economic Principal component analysis showed: GDP, the second industrial output, and local revenues and primary industrial output and other factors were the dominating factors influencing the five cities, but the main driving factors were different. Therein, the primary and second industry output value was major factors for Karamay city; Yumen city controlled by the fixed asset investment and GDP; Local fiscal revenue and GDP was the main factors for Jiayuguan city; Jinchang city affected by secondary industrial and the local revenue-based factor; Shizuishan city controlled by factors of GDP and secondary industries.(4) For the problems in urban expansion, we proposed reasonable development countermeasure of five aspects from coordination between population growth and urban development, and improving the quality of urbanization, planning land rationally, optimizing urban spatial structure, implementing the Strategy of Switching Advantages in industry timely and cultivating alternative industries, accelerating the "transition" pace and strengthening the urban functions, protecting the grassland, arable land and playing a role in oasis ecological effects. |
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