The Study Of The "Low-end Locking" And The Improvement Of China's Manufacturing Value Chain Status

China as a "world manufacturing center",China's manufacturing industry embedded in the global value chain in initial stage mainly through the participation of processing trade,which has won a huge surplus.Because of the processing trade restrictions,Chinese manufacturing enterprises obtain not many actual trade interests in the participation of value chain.Which indicate that most of domestic manufacturing enterprises remain in low value-added production's link.In recent years,with the cost of Chinese manufacturing workers wages and other factors rising,at the same time,with the face of more low-cost labor force in Southeast Asia.The fierce competition makes China's manufacturing comparative advantage strategy to play a smaller space.In recent years,the gradual decline of comparative advantage,China's export trade growth rate of the gradual decline,which indicate that the participation of GVC is unsustainable.In order to obtain higher trade interests and avoid the value chain dominance of multinational companies"low-end lock",enhancing the status of China's manufacturing global value chain is very necessary.Based on the calculation method proposed by Koopman,this paper calculates the global value chain participation degree,participation position index and the comparative advantage index of China's manufacturing and sub-sectors.We determine the degree of participation,participation and competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing and sub-sectors by comparative with other countries.And on this basis,we make use of panel data to establish the global value chain participation status index for the explanatory variables,FDI,R&D level,labor,capital and other elements as explanatory variables to establish the corresponding regression model for exploring the factors that enhance global value-chain position of China's manufacturing industry.The results show that:first,China's manufacturing industry and the sub-sectors in the global value chain participation is higher,but its position is generally low.Actively participating into the value chain can not help to enhance the position.Second,the global value chain position of the manufacturing industry appears to rise after the first to maintain a stable trend.Before 2009,the global value chain position of labor,capital technology and knowledge-intensive industries remains a larger upgrade;after 2009 position improve stagnation.From the industry,except basic metals,textile and apparel and metal products industry,the rest of the industry's global value chain(GVC)position index are less than 0.100,which remain in the low value chain position.Industry trajectory and overall manufacturing GVC position changes tend to be consistent.Third,from the country comparison,the global value chain position ranking in different countries can be changed,indicating that China's manufacturing industry can still cultivate new competitive advantage gradually get rid of low-end lock.Fourth,through the decomposition of the Chinese manufacturing and sub-sectors of the internal and external participation,concluding that China's manufacturing and sub-sectors indirect export value-added contribution is low,therefore the global value chain low-end position,and the position is far lower than the other occupy the high-end position of the United States,Japan,Germany three countries.Fifth,measuring the manufacturing industry's comparative advantage of the comparative index and conclude that the textile,apparel and footwear manufacturing,electronic communications and optical equipment manufacturing in the international market have a strong international competitiveness,but the competitiveness of the decline obviously.The rest of the industry's competitiveness compared with other developed countries is still relatively weak.After further empirical test,found that the level of R&D,foreign direct investment and human capital play positive roles in promoting the status of global value chain(GVC)position.The technological progress(R&D)has the strongest effect on GVC position,followed by human capital.Indicating that the domestic manufacturing enterprises should pay attention to technological progress to increase investment in research and development,cultivate knowledge-based labor elements,and improve the introduction of foreign investment quality.And financial expenditure and trade freedom play the negative role on enhancing the global value chain position,indicating that governments should pay attention to the improvement of fiscal expenditure structure,promoting trade should also eliminate backward production capacity at the same time,optimize the trade structure,and promote the increase in trade value added.