| With the development of social economy in China,the rapid increase of population,make the change of land use pattern unceasingl,the problems caused by human activities are becoming more and more serious,the ecosystem service function as the basic elements of the support of the ecological environment,played a vital role in the survival and development of mankind therefore,the research of the function value of ecosystem services had gradually been valued by scholars.Selected the upper reaches of the Zhanghe which human influence greatly as an example,applied remote sensing technology and geographic information systems as a mean of research,the changing of land use types in the upper reaches of Zhanghe in 2001,2007 and 2013 were analyzed,based on this,the temporal and spatial evolution of ecosystem service value in2000-2014 were discussed,and the effects of natural factors(meteorological factors)and their social factors(population and GDP)on ecosystem service value in the region were further studied,which provided scientific theoretical basis for coordinated and sustainable development of economy and ecological environment of the upper reaches of Zhanghe,the main conclusions of the study were as follows:(1)In all types of land use in the upper reaches of Zhanghe,the area of farmland was the largest,the proportion of farmland was also the largest,the proportion of woodland and grassland were the second,and the proportion of water area and construction land area were smallest.During 2001 to 2007,the main conversion direction of land use type were woodland,farmland,grassland and water area.There were 25.6% of the woodland and about 12.7% of the farmland were converted to grassland,58.2% of the grassland was transformed into farmland.During this period,the area of farmland in the upper reaches of Zhanghe increased,the area of farmland,grassland and water decreased,and the area of construction land had no obvious change.During 2007 to2013,the conversion direction of land use type was the conversion of water,grassland and farmland to woodland,there were 27.6% of the water area,21.4% of the grassland and 3.8% of the farmland converted to the woodland.During this period of the upper reaches of Zhanghe,the area of woodland was increasing,the area of construction land has no obvious change,and the area of other land use types were reduced.Landscape pattern analysis showed that during the period of 2001-2013,the fragmentation of the landscape pattern in the upper reaches of Zhanghe decreased,and the complexity of thelandscape decreased.Compared with 2007-2013,the similarity of landscape pattern between patches changed greatly in 2001-2007.(2)In the upper reaches of Zhanghe,the value of nutrients in the five ecosystem services was the smallest,the value of organic matter was the second,and the value of gas regulation,soil conservation and water conservation were higher.The value of the five ecosystem services is mainly provided by the arable land,so the value of the ecosystem services provided by the farmland accounts for the largest proportion of the total value of ecosystem services in the upper reaches of Zhanghe,in each period can account for 50%-75%.On the basis of the ecosystem services provided by the unit area,the value of soil conservation that the farmland provided was the largest,the value of nutrient cycling of woodland and grassland were close to that of farmland,and the value of ecosystem services provided by water area and construction land were all smallest.According to the county division,all counties and cities in the upper reaches of Zhanghe,the lowest value of ecosystem services per unit area was Changzhi,Lucheng was the second,and the ecosystem service value per unit area of the eastern region such as Linzhou,Pingshun,Licheng was larger.Statistical results showed that,the total value of ecosystem services in the upper reaches of Zhanghe in the period of 2000-2014 showed an upward trend,based on the trend slope analysis,the value of ecosystem services with not changed significantly was 65.467% of the total area,the area with increasing trend was 22.136% of the total area,and the increase was mainly mild,located in the northwest and southeast.While the area with a decreasing trend was12.397% of the total area,and mainly in the East and northeast.(3)There was a certain correlation between the value of ecosystem services and meteorological factors and socio-economic factors in the upper reaches of Zhanghe,the analysis results showed that there was a positive correlation between ecosystem service function and annual precipitation,and the correlation coefficient was 0.663,so the ecosystem service value was increasing with the increase of precipitation.There was a negative correlation between the annual average air temperature,but little correlation,the correlation coefficient was only-0.08.Based on the analysis of the impact of the population and GDP distribution on ecosystem service value in 2010,it showed that the distribution of the population was more intensive,the GDP was larger,and the ecosystem service value was smaller,when the population was more than 5000people/km~2,the GDP value was 19562.123 yuan/km~2,and the ecosystem service value was 350758 yuan/km~2.On the contrary,the population density is smaller,the GDP waslower,and the ecosystem service value was higher,when the population was less than100 people/km~2,the GDP value would be reduced to the minimum value of 99.655yuan/km~2,and ecosystem service function value was the largest,which was 350758yuan/km~2.Further analysis of the correlation between the administrative region based population,GDP and ecosystem services value,it showed that there was a significant negative correlation between ecosystem services value and the two,the average population density was larger,GDP was higher,the ecosystem services function value of counties and cities was lower,and the average population density was smaller,GDP was lower,the ecosystem services function value of counties and cities was higher. |
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