Comparison And Analysis Of The Structure,Efficiency And Utilization Of Fertilizer In China And Abroad

Agriculture is the lifeblood of the nation.It is nearly impossible to change the basic position of agriculture in our country regardless of any stage of economic development.In the process of revival of the Chinese nation,agriculture is supposed to follow the trend,which requires that our agriculture should focus on sustainable development.It means that it is necessary not only to ensure food security,to solve the problem of food and clothing,but also to maintain the balanced ecological environment.But for now,it still exists the agricultural problem in China that the mode of "high input for high output of production" and the objective of ecological environmental protection contradict from each other.Under the key steps of Chinese new economic and agricultural supply-side reform,it is an issue worthy of attention that how to ensure food security while promoting green production and enhance the sustainable development of agriculture,especially for Henan,the traditional agricultural province.All of these are the basis of the dissertation topic.The chemical fertilizer is chosen as the study factors of grain production in this dissertation.The sustainable development of agriculture is studied from the aspects of the use structure of chemical fertilizers and the efficiency of chemical fertilizers.At present,China has become the world's largest country of fertilizer production and consumption.Needless to say,with the use of chemical fertilizers,Chinese agricultural production and food production have an unprecedented rapid development,which helps people basically get out of food and clothing problems.However,it is a threat to safety of agricultural products,environment and the sustainable development of agriculture by the extensive use of fertilizers.Therefore,it is significant to find how to make efficient use of fertilizer to solve the problems in the sustainable development of foodstuff.As one of the birthplace of agriculture,Chinese agriculture starts earlier but developed slower than developed countries.Which level dose Chinese fertilizer use in compared with the developed countries? How about the use efficiency of fertilizer? This paper makes an empirical analysis.In the first stage,gray correlation model is used to analyze the data of 2000,2005,2010 and 2013(China 2015)for the purpose of finding out the optimal use and change of chemical fertilizer use structure among the developed countries,Asian countries and China.The results show that if the level of chemical fertilizer is divided into four grades(grade I is the best and the worst in grade IV),the structure of chemical fertilizers in China changed from the III level in 2000 to the IV level in 2015.It means that Chinese fertilizers rely too much on the accumulation of total fertilizer,and belong to the aggregate structure.The aggregate structure led to a lacking of target in fertilization,a great waste of resources at the same time,and reduce on bearing capacity of ecological environment.While the agricultural developed Europe and the United States have always been at the level II,which are in balanced structure.In addition,the degree of correlation of various types of fertilizers in China is relatively high,which indicates that the contribution rate of various fertilizers to grain yield is not balanced and there is a cask effect.Western countries is better than China in this aspect.Secondly,the dissertation analyzes the efficiency of chemical fertilizers in western and Asian countries in 2013 as well as in various provinces in China in 2015 by using DEA analysis model.The results show that Russia and neighboring Ukraine in these western countries make the most efficient use of chemical fertilizers.In Asian countries,Iran,Myanmar and Pakistan have the highest efficiency,China is the lowest.In China,Heilongjiang and Jilin put minimal investment to achieve the maximum output,and with the highest efficiency in fertilizer usage,and Henan is below the average level.In addition,the comprehensive efficiency of the use of chemical fertilizers in Henan did not achieve full efficiency(<1),because its size dose match with its input and output,so the focus of Henan agricultural reform should be better to play its scale merit,which is also the direction of its future development.To conclude from above analysis,the paper puts forward the relevant policy suggestions in the last part to help strengthen the sustainable development of foodstuff in China.These main suggestions are: promotion of agricultural science,clean,and recycling production;promotion of land rotation and fallow mechanism;moderate agricultural scale management;definition of land property rights and stability of land contract rights;strengthening of farmland infrastructure;focus on agricultural environmental issues.