The Research On How Utilization Factors Of Agricultural Production Impact Grain Production And Environment

In China, food security problem is the top priority issue to the country. Therefore, in order to ensure the domestic food security, the government regards enhancing the food self-sufficiency ability as a strategic choice. Under the maintenance of high rate food self-sufficiency in food security strategic objective, the comprehensive ability of China’s grain production has increased continuously. Since2004, the grain production has reached "eleven continuous growths". However, the China’s per capita arable land is small, and with the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization which result in losing good quality cultivated land resources. In China, the small-scale household farmers are the main body in grain production. Under the limited production conditions and cognitive level, the farmers always adopt "High input, high output" production model to increase the grain production. Hence, there is an increasing use in fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural film and other agricultural chemical elements year by year. The unreasonable use of agricultural production factors leads to low utilization rate of grain production. What’s more, a large amount of chemical elements leached into soil and water environment, which threaten the surrounding ecological environment. The high rate of food self-sufficiency target in China faces serious resources and environmental constraints.The methodologies in this study are field survey, statistical analysis, and econometric analysis. First of all, analyze the theoretical field of food security and ecological environment and infer the relationship of food security, elements inputs and ecological environment in China; then summarize and analyze the resources constraints in high rate self-sufficiency process and households’cognition situation and utilization of production factors. What’s more, the study discusses the status of fertilizer in the relationship of grain production and ecological environment and analyzes the environment pollution effects on grain production. Furthermore, the study also analyzes the fertilizer usage rate changing situation in China’s food production and the influence of fertilizers on food production and environment from market, size and farmers’cognition aspects. In addition, the study analyzes respectively on household farmers selections from four environment friendly fertilizations and land management&factors’utilization scale benefits, looking for the ways to increase household farmers’utilization rate by changing its fertilization methods and organization situations.The conclusions in this study are:(1) the natural resources are limited in China, which results in an obvious contradiction between people and land. This problem lets people pay a higher environmental cost to achieve food self-sufficiency rate target. Improper behavior in production also leads to a decline in land resources and ecological environment quality.(2) The low utilization rate of fertilizer not only affects ecological environment, but its pollutions also results in a decline on grain production. Therefore, the government needs to pay attention on these effects.(3) There is a changing on grain production scale, scientific production awareness, and grain output and use factors of production efficiency.(4) In China, the household farmers use largest total household utility as the goal of grain production. They excessively focus on increasing grain production and pay less attention on environmental factors. In addition, excessive input fertilizer led to a low utilization rate and continuous environmental destruction. Therefore, the agricultural production and environmental protection awareness needs to be improved.(5) Land scale management model overcomes the disadvantages of small-scale farmland management, which can help to improve the utilization rate of grain production in China.(6) Household farmers are willing to reduce fertilizer rate, instead using organic and formula fertilizer and other environmental friendly fertilization methods, but the government needs to lead them properly.