Research On The Operational Efficiency And Influencing Factors Of Science And Technology Business Incubator In China

As a platform to cultivate the small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurial talents,the business incubator is an important carrier to promote the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.It has played a key role in improving the independent innovation capability of small and medium-sized enterprises and developing strategic and emerging industries.Since the 1980 s,science and technology business incubator in China has got rapid development.At the end of 2015,there are 2,530 enterprises incubators,and 78,965 enterprises are being incubated.More than 60,000 enterprises graduate from the incubator,solving 1.42 million jobs.There are a total of2,345 public spaces,the number of incubators ranked the first in the world.At the same time,the enterprise in China which is hatched out of incubator,whether in quantity or quality,have a certain upgrade.The cumulative number of graduates from 39,562 in 2011 rose to 74,838 in 2015,the cumulative number of listed companies rose from 187 in 2011 to 812 in 2015.While,there are some problems in the development of China's science and technology business incubators,such as the low efficiency of operation and allocation,and the unbalanced development of regional science and technology business incubators.How to evaluate the current technological efficiency of the incubator in China is an important means to measure the service level of the incubator.It provides reference for the governments and incubators in China to improve the efficiency of the incubator.Based on the related theories of incubator,technology innovation and efficiency evaluation,this paper studies the operation efficiency of the scientific and technological enterprise incubator of 27 provinces(cities,districts)in 2010-2014.First of all,the related concepts and theories are summarized and summarized,and the principle and mathematical model of efficiency measurement are introduced in detail,which constitute the theoretical basis of this paper.Secondly,the DEA method,the super efficiency DEA method and the Malmquist index method are used to calculate the operating efficiency and total factor productivity of the 27 provinces(cities,districts)technology enterprises from the static and dynamic perspectives.Thirdly,the Tobit regression model is used to explore the environmental factors influencing the technical efficiency of the incubator,and the key influencing factors are found.Based on this,the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the technical efficiency of the incubator in China.The main findings are:(1)Beijing,Fujian,Henan,Guangxi,Shaanxi and other five regions in the 27 provinces(cities,districts)are in leading positions in terms of efficiency of science and technology business incubator,and technical efficiency values is valid in 2010-2014.The technical efficiency of Tianjin,Jiangsu,Liaoning and Shandong is mainly affected by the scale of development.Shanxi,Inner Mongolia,Hunan and Hubei need to adjust the input and output of innovative resources in the incubator.(2)During the investigation period,the total factor productivity(tfpch)of China's science and technology business incubator showed a certain degree of volatility,but increased in volatility.The results of the index decomposition show that technological progress is the main factor to promote the growth of the total factor productivity of China's science and technology business incubator,and the trends of both are the same roughly.(3)The influence of environmental factors on the technical efficiency of China's science and technology enterprise incubator was analyzed by Tobit regression model.It showed that,economic development level,regional innovation capability,public finance expenditure,human resource level these four factors are important factors influencing the technical efficiency of the incubator,which shows a significant positive correlation.While,the impact of economic openness on the operating efficiency of the incubator is negatively correlated,which mainly due to the excessive resource input to the foreign high investment area,that resulting in the waste of resources,and the decline of the technical efficiency.