Research On Production-Inventory And Emission Reduction Investment Decisions In Supply Chain Under Different Carbon Emission Policies

Global warming caused by increasing carbon emissions has brought serious challenges to mankind's subsistence and development,and governments in countries around the world have formulated corresponding regulations and policies to reduce carbon emissions.Common carbon emissions policies include Carbon taxes,Mandatory carbon emissions capacity and Cap-and-trade.The purpose of these government's policies is to encourage enterprises to reduce carbon emissions.However,new challenges have also been brought to the supply chain operation and management,so that decision-making goals,decision variables,and decision environment in the process of management have become more complicated.This thesis takes a manufacturer-oriented second-grade supply chain,which is composed of a manufacturer and a retailer,to conceive of manufacturer's investment in emission reduction technology.Under the policies of carbon tax and cap-and-trade,the supply chain production,inventory and emission reduction decision-making will be discussed in this thesis.Firstly,to research the decision-making on production,inventory and emission reduction investment in supply chain under the policy of carbon tax.Considering manufacturer's investment in carbon reduction technology and the different carbon tax rates that manufacturer and retailer are facing,the models of decentralized and centralized decision are established based on EOQ model,and from which the optimal order of the retailer,the optimal emission reduction rate of the manufacturer,and the supply chain system's carbon emissions,total cost and carbon tax cost will be obtained in two different situations.Through the numerical analysis,it is found that the optimal carbon emission reduction rate of the manufacturer is unchanged in the two kinds of decision-making situation,and positively correlated with the carbon tax it faces,namely,higher carbon tax of the manufacturer can better promote its investment.For the supply chain system,centralized decision-making can effectively reduce the total cost of the system,but the changes in the system's carbon emissions depend on the relationship among the parameters.At the same time,the increase in the carbon tax of the manufacturer and the retailer will result in an increase in supply chain system's total cost and the cost of carbon tax,but the impact on its total carbon emissions is not absolute.Secondly,to research the decision-making on production,inventory and emission reduction investment in supply chain under the policy of cap-and-trade.Considering the manufacturer and retailer are constrained with government's carbon emission quotas and carbon credits can be traded in the carbon trading market,the selling price and the purchasing price of carbon credits are different,to respectively build the decentralized and centralized decision-making model.Specially,the manufacturer and retailer are able to share the carbon quota in the system during the centralized decision-making.The results show that under the decentralized decision,the optimal emission reduction rate of the manufacturer is affected by its carbon limits.When the carbon limits of the manufacturer become larger,the investment of the emission reduction becomes relatively smaller.Under the centralized decision,the carbon limits of the supply chain system affect the manufacturer's decision on emission reduction investment,the system's carbon trading volume and the total cost of the system.Compared to non-carbon quota sharing,carbon quota sharing can effectively reduce the total cost of the supply chain,and it can also reduce the system's total carbon emissions.Meanwhile,under the centralized decision-making of carbon quota,when the supply chain system purchases the carbon credits from the market,with the increase in the purchasing price of carbon credits per unit,the manufacturer's emission reduction rate will rise as well,but the cost of the supply chain system won't decrease.When the supply chain system sells carbon quotas to the market,the manufacturer's emission reduction rate will increase as the selling price of carbon credits per unit increases,and the total cost of the supply chain system will decline.The conclusions of this thesis provide a new perspective for the micro-operation of supply chain enterprises,and also provide a reference for the government's carbon emission policy.So important theoretical and practical value is shown in this thesis.