| China has been reforming and opening for nearly 40 years,with the process of economic globalization,China has adopted a resolute and step-by-step approach to opening up to the outside world,formulated and implemented an export-oriented economic development strategy,gave full play to the comparative advantage of low labor prices,and exported Trade has brought many opportunities for China's economic development and has become one of the important engines for promoting China's economic development.An important manifestation of the export trade gains is the remuneration of employees in the export trade sector and the international Treatment,etc.,making China's enterprises face a substantial reduction in transaction costs of international trade.However,whether the decline of trade cost significantly increases staff wages in China's trade sector,especially the wages of employees in export enterprises in our country.Based on this background,we study the existence of export wage premium from the perspective of heterogeneity and further analyze the export The source of the wage premium is of great practical significance to promote the transformation and upgrading of export enterprises and to coordinate the relationship between fairness and efficiency under an open economy.In this paper,firstly,we review and summarize the domestic and foreign scholars' literature about the existence of export wage premium and the sources of wage premiums on export.Based on Heckscher-Ohlin factor endowment theory and Melitz heterogeneous firm theory model,Secondly,this article analyzes the overall development of export after China's accession to the WTO and the current situation of wages in our country.Third,based on the perspective of enterprise heterogeneity,this paper empirically analyzes the source of wage premium in exports from 1998 to 2013 This paper extends the standard Mincer wage equation to establish the econometric model and consider the possible endogeneity in the model,mainly using the SYS-GMM method.On the one hand,it exports the wage premium In addition,in order to further study the phenomenon of "export wage premium",this paper removes the abnormal sample points and export-intensive enterprises after the robustness analysis.On the other hand,it examines the intrinsic mechanism of the export wage premium and the export behavior of enterprises.In the end,conclusions,suggestions and further research prospects are given.This study shows that after controlling for such factors as labor input,capital investment,business duration,geographical location and ownership of enterprises,there is a significant wage premium of China's export enterprises over non-export enterprises.Excluding the abnormal sample data and classifying export-oriented samples The same result is obtained by the test of robustness,which makes the research results of this paper more persuasive.From the causality point of view,there is a two-way causal relationship between the wage premium and the export,and the self-selection of enterprises with higher wage level Into the export market,into the export market to further raise the wages of enterprises.The study confirms that the export wage premium is the result of the synergy of the self-selection effect and the exit learning effect,which provides China's experience for the correct connection between the export and the wage premium.Finally,under the new normal of our economy,we put forward corresponding policies according to the heterogeneity of enterprises,encourage enterprises to export and actively participate in the international market;While maintaining the rapid economic growth,structural adjustments should be made to export enterprises.Enterprises should be encouraged to carry out research and development and innovation,guide the coordinated development of industries in the region,and enhance the efficiency of enterprises so as to raise their wages.Compared with the existing literature,the possible innovations of this paper are as follows:(1)In the aspect of research perspective,on the basis of summarizing the relevant literatures at home and abroad,combining the theory of trade and the heterogeneity of enterprises,Points out that studying the intrinsic mechanism of export and wage premium deeper from the two perspectives of self-selection and export learning is a useful supplement to the income distribution effect of export trade.(2)In empirical research,this paper uses a variety of statistical analysis methods,using a large sample of micro-data.Since most of the domestic literature research was carried out in the period of 1998-2007,it is difficult to reflect the relevant changes of Chinese enterprises after the 2008 financial crisis,such as export delivery value,wages payable and benefits,etc.In this paper,The enterprise database and data sample enriched the content and scope of the research.By using the SYS-GMM method,the endogenous problems that may exist in the explanatory variables are fully taken into account.The conclusions of the study are more credible than ever before. |
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