Research On Optimal Intermodal Routing Planning During China-Europe Trade Considering Environmental Cost

Since the China's the Belt and Road Initiative being proposed in 2013,number of constructions and policies have been implemented,which greatly improves the development of trade between China and Europe.As the environmental issues are being world-widely valued currently,comparing to unimodal transport,the intermodal one is more environmentally friendly,which is more popular in the industry right now.As China-Europe freight corridors for maritime transport,air transport and surface transport are all well-constructed and smoothly operated,it is necessary to do research on the optimal routing plan for intermodal transport,particularly taking environmental cost into consideration,and it meets China's responsibility for dealing with environment problem as one of the major emitters in the world.Despite that the literature about intermodal transport routing have not just related to general cost anymore,there is still few research on NOx and particle matters(PM)emission from the freight but only CO2.This paper goes deep into the research on China-Europe corridors and intermodal transport,and works on following issues:First,the paper researches on methods of quantifying CO2,NOx and PM emission from air,maritime and surface transport,and uses the concept of Pigovian taxes to build the environmental cost.Furthermore,it builds a multi-objective optimal routing model,which also involves freight rate and time cost,which is solved by Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II(NSGA-II)in the following chapter.Finally,in the part of empirical analysis,Chengdu and London with Vienna are selected as respectively origin and destinations in the intermodal transport.Practical statistics are used into the multi-objective optimal routing model,and programming it with NSGA-II.The results are respectively analyzed from the perspective of administrators,operators and customers of the intermodal transport,and it is concluded that using intermodal transport is in favor of reducing the cost,especially for mitigating the air pollution from freight.