The Study Of "Cultural Embedded Paradigm" In Tian Gong Kai Wu

In the past half century,the "Joseph Needham paradigm",which is deeply influenced by positivism,hasdominated the study of Tian Gong Kai Wu.This paradigm confuses science and technology,and uses western modern mathematical experiment and scientific standards to comb science and technology in ancient Chinese history.On the one hand,the "Joseph Needham paradigm" did promote the research of ancient Chinese technology history significantly.On the other hand,it has made these researches divorced from the historical context of ancient Chinese traditional culture.In recent years,with the flourishing of scientific knowledge sociology,science and technology research,scientific hermeneutics,scientific rhetoric,post-modern philosophy of science and so on,people are becoming more and more aware that science and technology can not be separated from history and culture,and in turn,the "culture and historical factors" behind the production and development of research science technology is particularly emphasized.Science and technology are provided with“Cultural embedded paradigm” gradually turn into academic consensus.It is based on this consensus thatthe German sinologist Dagmar Sch?fer's work " The Crafting of the10,000 Things: Knowledge and Technology in Seventeenth-Century China" is an important achievement in the study of Tian Gong Kai Wu.This article holds the opinion that Dagmar Sch?fer has created a "cultural embedded paradigm" in the study of Tian Gong Kai Wu,and the author tries to demonstrate and discuss the study of Tian Gong Kai Wu under the paradigm: First of all,starting from the background of Tian Gong Kai Wu,this paper discusses theclassification standards and forms of knowledge,and makes clear its historical position with the position and way of "cultural embeddedness".Secondly,this paper discusses the reasons,contributions and defects of the "Joseph Needham paradigm" leading the history of ancient Chinese science and technology,and points out the unreasonableness of the study of Tian Gong Kai Wu under this paradigm.Thirdly,it further demonstrates and discusses the necessity,advantages and existing problems in the Dagmar Sch?fer's study of "Heaven work" under the "cultural embedded paradigm".In the end,from the whole thought and life situation of song Yin Xing,the author further points out that the nature of his knowledge is the practical knowledge of the mutual embeddedness of culture and technology,which is closer to the original state of the Chinese ancient technical knowledge.