Taxonomic Studies Of Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes On Rotting Branches And Foliages From Fujian,Guangxi And Qinling Areas In China

Hyphomycetes,as an important group of asexual fungi,are distributed in different ecological environment with a wide and complicated range,especially in soil and plant residues of deadwood,sticks and leaves.As a group of biodegradable fungi,hyphomycetes have special and strong ability of secreting lignin-degrading enzymes.China is rich in fungus resources,but its species classification and resource investigation are not enough.This article is based on the compilation and research of Chinese fungi,the investigation,classification and diversity of hyphomycetes fungi were carried out.The main research content and results are as follows.1.Plant samples were collected in Guangxi Fujian and Qinling areas.Aeroaquatic fungi were mainly distributed in forest rotting leaves of hydrostatic deposits or flooding streams.Dictyosporium and helicosporium were mainly distributed in vegetation types under shady,cool or humid conditions.Morphological observations and identifications,molecular biology identifications from ITS rDNA were obtained2.131 specimens were collected,33 species belonging to 26 genera of hyphomycetes were discovered.7 aeroaquatic species belonging to 6 genera:Bisporella discedens,Clavariopsis aquatica,Hyaloscypha albohyalina,Phaeoisaria loranthacearum,Pseudaegeria viridis,Spirosphaera carici-graminis,Spirosphaera floriformis.3 helicosporous species belonging to 3 genera:Helicoma sp.nov,Helicomyces roseus,Tubeufia sp.23 dictyosporous species belonging to 17 genera:Alternaria alternate,Berkleasmium abuense,Berkleasmium daphniphylli,Berkleasmium inflatum Canalisporium Caribense,Cordella clarkii,Curvularia lunata,Dictyosporium digitatum,Dictyosporium inflatum,Dictyosporium wuyiense,Diplococcium livistonae,Epicoccum nigrum Hermatomyces sphaericus,Listeromyces insignis,Monodictys abuensis,Monodictys castaneae Monodictys cerebriformis,Pleurothecium recurvatum,Pseudodictyospori um wauense Pseudospiropes nodosus,Tetraploa aristata,Ulocladium allii-tuberosi,Xenosporium latisporium.3.One new species was identified:Dictyosporium wuyiense.Its main feature is:Conidia with two morphologies,solitary,cheiroid,complanate,smooth,yellow,composed of five rows of cells compacted together(sometimes four and six rows),some with one or two variable apical swollen vesical appendages.Type 1 conidia longer,42-70×20-33 ?m,the three central rows are protruding with swollen apical cells,some of which have 1-2 globose hyaline mucous apical vesical appendages.Type 2 wider conidia,33-52×27-43 ?m,fan,rows of apical cells approximately the same length.The apical cells of the outer rows are sometimes incurved.The phylogenetic analysis of ITS revealed the closest relationship with D.digitatum,but the sequence similarity was 85.88%.Two Chinese new records:Dictyosporium inflatum,Pseudaegerta viridis.4.Saprophytic hyphomycetes is difficult to isolate and culture,for the trace spores on natural substrate and hard to cultivate survival,influence the molecular identification of strains,this study explores a kind of fast direct access to DNA from trace spores for ITS PCR identification method:first use organization disruptor spore cell wall broken,then by acid and alkali pyrolysis combined with boiling water bath to extract DNA.