Genetic Genomics Of Iron Age Population In The Southern Margin Of Tarim Basin,Xinjiang

The Tarim Basin is located in the southern part of Xinjiang,China.It is surrounded by Mount Tianshan,Altun Mountain,Kunlun Mountains,and Pamir Plateau.It is the largest endorheic basin in China.Because it cut off by surrounding mountains on all sides,it Keeps moist air out of the Tarim basin,which has formed an aridity climate in this area.Its western neighbor Pamir;To the east Lop Nur provides a convenient bridge for speeding up cultural exchanges between East and West in EurasiaMultiple rivers originating from the Kunlun Mountains converge on the southern edge of Tarim,and eventually form an oasis,making the area a cradle for human material civilization and spiritual civilization.The southern edge of Tarim is mainly composed of Hetian area and Qiemo,and Ruoqiang county.Before opening up the Silk Road by Zhang Qian,it was the throat of the jade road.As early as the middle and late Bronze age,the nephrite from Hetian area was found in the Central Plains.In the Han Dynasty,the opening of the Silk Road turned the southern edge of Tarim into a melting pot of East and West nationalities and culture in Eurasia.During the same period,Taking Xiongnu’s western escape as the trigger,a domino-style migration began in central Asia,resulting in a more complicated population structurePopulation genetics can explain the mixing and migration events of the population to a certain extent,but there are still many disadvantages in inferring the development process of ancient populations by using the modern population genome.To show the mixing process of ancient people more clearly,the study of ancient DNA came into being.In recent years,many ancient DNA studies have been carried out worldwide to solve complex population structure problems,but the research object is mainly the population in western Eurasia.At present,the genome research of the ancient population in Xinjiang is mainly divided into two parts:parthenogenetic markers(mitochondria and Y chromosome)and autosomal genetic analysis.Due to the limitation of sampling quantity and narrow research direction,it is difficult to accurately describe the genetic structure of the disordered population.However,the research on autosomes is limited to the population of Shirenzigou in the north of Tianshan mountainThis paper aims to reveal the genetic structure of the human genome in the iron age(Han-Wei-Jin period)of the southern margin of the Tarim basin by studying the burials of the two periods of bizili in Lupu county,Hetian city.Combined with the analysis of parthenogenetic markers and autosomal data,the results show that the population of Bizili iron age conforms to the mixed model of the eastern and western components of Eurasia,and has a close genetic distance with the nomadic population of central Asia and modern central Asian peoples at the same time.By calculating the ancestral components of the ancient population of Bizili,there are three main sources in western Eurasia,namely the bronze late grassland population,the Central Asian oasis agricultural civilization population,and the ancient Nordic Asia(ANE)population composition.As for the genetic components of eastern Eurasia,the proportion of East Asian populations in the Weijin period was significantly higher than that of the Han dynasty population,while the populations of modern Eurasian central Asian populations were higherAccording to the calculation of the ancestral composition of the ancient population of Bizili,there are three main sources of western Eurasia,namely,the late Bronze Age steppe population,the central Asian oasis agricultural civilization population(BAMC),and the botai population.The genetic components in eastern Europe and Asia come from various sources.The Han dynasty population is mainly the ancient east Asia(AEA)genetic component,while the Wei and jin dynasties population also received the genetic contributions from the central plains population.The results of the overall analysis suggest that the genetic composition model of the modern population around Tarim was probably formed in the early iron age and was more influenced by the eastern Eurasian component in the subsequent period.This complex flow of people may have been linked to the flourishing trade of the silk road,and the great migration of people on the steppe during the iron age provided a greater impetus for this mix.The increase of genetic components in east Asia may reflect the continuous development and improvement of the jurisdiction measures of central plains over the western regions after the opening of the silk road.