Three-dimensional Wind Speed And Direction Measurement Method Based On Beamforming Algorithm

Wind is a kind of three-dimensional vector,which is superimposed by many small-scale pulsations randomly changing in time and space,and on large-scale regular air flow.The measurement of wind speed and direction of three-dimensional wind plays an important role in information accumulation and decision-making in many fields,such as the detection of low-level wind shear in the airport to avoid the occurrence of air crash;In navigation,the sail power boat adjusts the sail to make it in the best windward angle,and generates the maximum thrust with the help of wind energy to minimize the transverse force,so as to improve the stability of the ship navigation;In the aspect of wind power generation,according to the determination of three-dimensional wind parameters in the wind field,the wind power generation structure can be adjusted to make it in the best windward angle,so as to improve the efficiency of wind power generation;The deviation of missile trajectory in military and wind tunnel parameters in scientific experiments need to be adjusted by the determination of three-dimensional wind parameters.At present,the existing wind meters in the market mainly include mechanical wind meter,thermal wind meter,laser Doppler wind meter,ultrasonic wind meter,etc.,but this can only measure the wind parameter information on the two-dimensional plane,and can not completely describe the three-dimensional wind parameter information.According to the existing public information,at home and abroad,the design and research work of ultrasonic wind speed and direction measurement has made great development and application,but compared with the application advantages of 3D ultrasonic wind speed and direction measurement and the increase of market application demand,the related design and research work is still less than the Research of 2D plane wind parameter measurement.Beamforming algorithm is a typical algorithm in the theory of array signal processing,which has a lot of advantages in spatial filtering and noise suppression.In this paper,the beamforming algorithm will be used in the field of three-dimensional wind parameters measurement to improve the measurement accuracy of wind speed and direction in three-dimensional space,and provide a new idea for the measurement method of three-dimensional wind parameters.The main contents of this paper are as follows:(1)In this paper,a three-dimensional hemispherical ultrasonic sensor array structure is designed,the mathematical model of the ultrasonic signal received by each receiving element in the wind field environment is established,and the array flow pattern vector is derived.On this basis,the typical beamforming algorithm in array signal processing is combined,the three-dimensional wind speed,wind direction angle and pitch angle are measured by spectral peak search and decomposition and synthesis of three-dimensional space vector.(2)This paper analyzes and discusses the related principles,measurement performance and related problems of the three-dimensional wind speed and direction measurement method based on the beamforming principle: The flow pattern vector of the array is derived and extended to the random array;The influence of wind parameters on beam direction is explained by the change of the position of the mapping elements;Through simulation experiments,the feasibility and performance of wind speed and direction measurement methods based on different criteria and conventional beamforming algorithm are compared and analyzed;(3)Through the establishment of hardware experimental platform,the feasibility and engineering realization of the proposed three-dimensional wind parameter measurement method are verified: Firstly,the whole frame and components of the experimental platform are described in detail,and the performance of the experimental wind tunnel is tested;Then,the amplitude and phase error correction method based on covariance matrix is used for data preprocessing of experimental platform;Finally,the error analysis and discussion of the measurement results of the hardware platform are carried out,and the feasibility and engineering realization of the method proposed in this paper are verified.