Research On High-precision Ultrasonic Wind Speed Sensor Technology In Strong Wind And Sand Weather

With the gradual implementation of desertification control policies,forecasting sandstorms and reducing the losses caused by sandstorms have become important research topics in the fields of meteorology and ecological environment.The increase in wind speed and dust concentration in the air during sandstorms increases the attenuation of ultrasonic waves and the difficulty of identifying echo signals.The error of wind speed and direction measurement also increases,so the measurement accuracy of ultrasonic wind speed sensors in sandstorms is improved.It has important research significance for forecasting and controlling sandstorms.This article focuses on improving the echo intensity and measurement accuracy of the ultrasonic wind speed sensor under the influence of wind and sand.The specific content is as follows:Firstly,COMSOL finite element analysis software is used to simulate the distribution of radiation sound field of piezoelectric materials under different wind and sand concentrations.It is found that with the increase of wind and sand concentration,the attenuation of ultrasonic propagation sound field increases gradually,and the maximum attenuation of ultrasonic far-field radiation ability is about 26.According to the principle of ultrasonic reflection and the simulation results of piezoelectric radiation sound field,the structure of elliptical focus reflection sensor is designed.The acoustic energy of the structure at the receiver transducer is more concentrated,the received sound pressure is increased by about 45%,and the received voltage is increased by about 47%.Secondly,based on the measurement principle of ultrasonic time difference method,the ultrasonic drive amplifier circuit,receiving and processing circuit,channel conversion circuit and serial communication circuit are designed respectively.Under the influence of strong wind and sand weather,the early periods of receiving signals are too weak,which may lead to the error of signal cycle judgment and the deviation of measurement time.Select time-digital conversion chip TDC-GP22 measure ultrasonic propagation time,use threshold method to find zero crossing time of echo signal characteristic wave to calculate propagation time difference,combine TDC-GP22 first wave recognition function and elliptical focus reflection structure,The recognition ability and time measurement accuracy of weak echo signal in strong wind and sand weather are improved.Finally,the designed ultrasonic wind speed sensor is measured experimentally under the condition of low wind speed and high wind speed with wind and sand interference,and compared with foreign and domestic equipment.The experimental results show that the measurement accuracy of the designed ultrasonic wind speed sensor is close to that of the top wind speed sensor abroad,the error range is less than 2.5%,and the highest measurement error is about 4% lower than that of the domestic wind speed sensor.It provides a good reference value for the design of high-precision ultrasonic wind speed sensor under strong wind and sand weather.