Indonesia Sand Oil Thermal Cracking Processing Research

This paper selected the Indonesia ultrafine oil sands as the research object,which is a kind of unconventional oily type resources,formed by micron level grit and gravel,and the inorganic component of the grit is limestone.A high oil content of the oil sands can be found in the experiments,（especially the dry state up to 25.6 percent）.The density at the20℃of the bitumen separated from the oil sands is 0.9695 g/cm³,just for the high viscosity and sulfur content of up to 4.38%（mass percent）,so it is a typical of high-sulfur heavy oil.The total amount of the aromatics and the saturates is about 50.34%and over the half weight of the oil sands bitumen.Boiling range distribution was so poor that the temperature of initial boiling point is more than 200℃,and the less amount of gasoline and diesel oil and distillate oil was also found in the experiments,but high boiling residual fraction was more than 60%of the total.The paper comprehensively demonstrated the Indonesia ultrafine sands processing routes,and alkaline separation process and solvent extraction separation method were not the ideal ways.Finally external heated fixed bed reactor for the oil sands was choosen in experiments.The paper investigated all kinds of factors on the pyrolysis products,such as the heating rate,pyrolysis temperature,carrier gas type,and the flow rate of carrier gas.Under the conditions of 550℃reaction temperature and choosing N₂ as carrier gas,the total oil production rate was about 17%,light components accounted for a higher proportion of pyrolysis reaction products,but the sulfur content was lower,so the pyrolysis effect was better.Howerver,when using water vapor as carrier gas,the oil production rate was higher.The pyrolysis products distribution of the Indonesia ultrafine oil sands had been significantly concentrated in 90℃¹05℃,165℃¹95℃,235℃³50℃,390℃⁵00℃in true boiling point distillation experiment.In other words,the content of distillate oil was high,but the content of gasoline and diesel oil was low in the oil sands pyrolysis products.The contents of resin and asphaltene deeply reduced after pyrolysis process,while improving the boiling range distribution and significantly improving quality.Especially,product density,viscosity,nitrogen,oxygen and metals heteroatom content and residual carbon reduced in varying degrees,but the content of sulfur was still 3.45%,and presenced the adverse effects in the latter refining process.Though studies of by-products,such as pyrolysis gas and ash,this paper had carried on the pyrolysis process of Indonesia’s fine sands environmental feasibility and economic feasibility analysis and concluded that profit margin was about 23.36%per year by taking pyrolytic solution to oil sands in refinery,and there was a big economic feasibility.