Case Study On Farmland Environmental Carrying Capacity Of Livestock And Poultry Farming In Rural Areas

The traditional mode of livestock and poultry farming has shifted to large-scale and intensive farming,that led to the lack of enough land in the farming area to absorb these manure.Because these wastes exceed the carrying capacity of the regional environment,causing environmental pollution.In order to eliminate regional livestock pollution,it is better to use livestock and poultry manure in a rational way.In combination with the regional planting industry,part of the nutrients needed during the growth of crops will be supplied by livestock and poultry manure.Taking the balance theory of planting and breeding as the theoretical basis,this article takes the farmland in Zhuwa Town of Qinshui County as the research object,and focuses on the environmental carrying capacity of livestock and poultry farms in Zhuwa Town.Based on the balance theory of nitrogen and phosphorus,after investigation and study,the carrying capacity of farmland was used to characterize the carrying capacity of the regional environment on livestock and poultry breeding scale.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Through investigation and analysis of the comprehensive utilization methods of livestock and poultry excrement in Zhuwa Town,It is concluded that the two factors of"education" and "whether or not the surrounding livestock and poultry manure treatment facilities are built" have a significant effect on the comprehensive utilization of livestock and poultry manure in Zhuwa Town.(2)The nitrogen supply capacity of farmland soil in Zhuwa Town is 533.83t,and the available phosphorus in farmland soil is 24.25t.The nitrogen supply per unit area of soil is 152.71kg/hm2,and the phosphorus supply per unit area of soil is 6.94kg/hm2.The total nitrogen requirement of Zhuwa Town is 2220.72t,the total phosphorus demand is 864.74t;based on pigs as the standard livestock and poultry,the actual carrying capacity of livestock and poultry farm environment based on nitrogen balance is 58·88 heads/hm2,and the theoretical maximum farm animal husbandry environmental carrying capacity is 104.04 heads/hm2.Based on the balance of phosphorus,the actual carrying capacity of farmland for livestock and poultry farming is 65.90 heads/hm21 the theoretical maximum carrying capacity of livestock and poultry farms is 107.48 heads/hm2,and the actual number of farmed pigs is between 220.000 and 260,000 heads.The maximum theoretical pig breeding equivalent quantity is about 400,000 heads.The main cause of pollution in the livestock and poultry breeding industry in Zhuwa Town is not the excessive breeding of livestock and poultry,but the unreasonable application of chemical fertilizers.The actual application of nitrogen fertilizer in Zhuwa Town in 2016 was 2181.02t,and the application rate of phosphate fertilizer was 575.457t.Assuming the utilization rate of livestock manure discharged from Zhuwa Town can reach 50%,then in 2016,Zhuwa Town can use less nitrogen fertilizer.For 1122.449t,107.875t of phosphate fertilizer is still needed.Only in this way can the nutrient balance in the farmland ecosystem be maintained.(3)The development of livestock and poultry husbandry in the whole town is not balanced.Based on the balance of nitrogen planting and breeding,the actual carrying capacity of livestock and poultry farms in Lianhua Village,Yehualin Village,Railway Village,and Longshan Village exceeds the maximum allowable breeding capacity.Based on phosphorus balance,the actual carrying capacity of livestock and poultry farms in Wanggang Village,Lianhua Village,Yehualin Village,Railway Village,and Longshan Village exceeds the maximum allowable breeding capacity,and the bearing capacity of livestock and poultry in other villages is lower than Theoretical value.(4)According to the purpose of agricultural ecological function division and related principles,combined with the actual situation of Zhuwa Town,the Zhuwa Town is divided into eastern mountainous agriculture and forest specialty agricultural area,northern hill cultivation ecological agricultural area,central agricultural product processing and distribution area,western planting Combining circular agricultural areas,southern green grain and oil planting ecological agricultural areas.(5)According to the differences in breeding functions and carrying capacity of different districts,the overall spatial zoning of "one belt,four zones and five industries" was proposed.The western farming and recycling agriculture area will be built into an ecological cycle agriculture belt,which mainly produces organic food;the eastern low-land agricultural and forestry specialty Characteristic agricultural areas will mainly develop characteristic forestry and fruit industry;southern green grain and oil planting eco-agricultural areas will focus on planting industry,mainly developing green grain and oil industries;central agricultural product processing and distribution area will focus on agricultural product processing and logistics;northern hills will grow and compound ecological agriculture.Because of the large scale of farming,the number of livestock and poultry breeding is obviously overloaded,and the scale of breeding should be controlled.The main development is leisure tourism and breeding.Focusing on organic food production,based on the ecological breeding industry and leisure tourism industry,the Zhuwa Ecological Cycle Agriculture System was established through the processing of agricultural products and logistics.