Characteristics And Optimization Of Pedestrian Evacuation In Urban Rail Transit Hub

With the rapid development of our society and the continuous improvement of economic level,the urban population is increasing year by year.The passenger flow of urban rail transit station is continuously and rapidly increasing,and the available effective space in the hub is sharply reduced.It is urgent to study the pedestrian evacuation characteristics of the hub and provide a rational way to improve the evacuation capacity inside the hub.In this paper,the characteristics and optimization of pedestrian evacuation in urban rail transit hub are studied and analyzed through various methods such as investigation and observation,data analysis and simulation.Based on the actual survey results,this paper analyzes the microcosmic and macroscopic behavior characteristics of the pedestrian inside the hub.In the microcosmic behavior characteristics of pedestrians,the queuing characteristics,running characteristics and waiting characteristics of pedestrians are discussed.In the macroscopic behavior characteristics,the behavior characteristics of pedestrians getting on and off the train are analyzed.According to the measured data,the relationship between the number of pedestrians and time of getting on and off the train are studied.Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of pedestrians' passing through the gate,the gate is divided into three parts,the pace of adjustment,through the gates and speed buffer,and pedestrians' passing time in different areas is studied.The influence of loading weight,staircase height and number of escalator queues on pedestrian selection ratio is analyzed quantitatively.Taking the three factors as characteristic variables,we build the Logit model of pedestrian escalator selection,and give the mathematical model of pedestrian choice stair probability.An example is used to verify the model.According to the characteristics of rail transit hub,the investigation plan of pedestrian traffic data in hub is designed and the pedestrian traffic characteristics in the hub are further studied.The field observation and camera survey of pedestrian macro traffic parameters in the subway station of Beijing West Railway Station are carried out to obtain data samples.Fitting and analyzing the relationship between parameters and testing the model.The traffic characteristics of pedestrians in the transfer hall,platform and staircase are compared and analyzed.Based on research data survey data,the simulation parameters were determined,including the proportion of men and women in the comprehensive transfer hub and the proportion of carrying large luggage and so on.The pedestrians were divided into children,youth,middle age and elderly according to their age.The number of passengers in different ages was counted respectively.The effects of gender,weight bearing and age on pedestrian walking speed were studied.Based on the measured data,VISSIM simulation model based on social force is constructed.Based on the study of pedestrian behavior and traffic characteristics,the parameters of the model are determined.Taking Beijing West Railway Station as an example,pedestrian evacuation simulation is carried out for the whole hub.The two indexes of pedestrian density and traffic time are analyzed,the location of the risk point of passenger flow agglomeration in the hub is determined.This paper analyzes the causes of the risk points of different passenger flows and puts forward three optimization measures for reducing the departure interval,increasing the diversion column at the staircase and increasing the number of the gate machines.The optimization results are checked by traffic simulation,and quantitative analysis is carried out.The effectiveness of the improvement measures has been proved.