Design Of Measuring And Controlling System For Laser Tangential Shaping Of V-shaped Concave Grinding Wheels Based On Machine Vision

Scholars at home and abroad have carried out the study of the mechanism,process,measurements and control equipment of laser tangential shaping diamond bronze binder grinding wheel.The errors of shape and position after laser shaping are difficult to solve by only process optimization and the cost is very high,so an effective on-machine detection and compensation should be introduced to the shaping processing to meet high precision shaping requirements.Therefore,in this thesis,taking V-shaped concave grinding wheel as the research object,the measurement and control laser tangential shaping system,which are based on grinding copy detection and machine vision,has been built.By compensating shaping to correct the shape and position errors,the problem of poor shaping quality has been solved.Firstly,the principle and related technology of system design are expounded.The error and its causes after laser shaping are introduced and then the numerical control shaping method based on "rough shaping-compensating shaping" strategy is proposed.The deficiency of the current detection method on diamond concave surface grinding wheel is analyzed,and the measurement based on “grinding copy + machine vision” is adapted.Then the technical basis of image measurement in machine vision is explained.Secondly,the shaping system hardware integration scheme is designed to build a hardware system.The overall architecture of the system based on the measurement method and shaping strategy is designed,and then the communication connection method and the installation layout are determined.Finally,the design of the grinding copy structure and selection of equipment are carried out to complete system hardware integration.Thirdly,the evaluation method of V-shaped concave profile is proposed and the key algorithm of the shaping system is designed.Aiming at the profile error,the evaluation methods of geometric parameters and deviation values are proposed.a standard profile generation algorithm,a dual template matching algorithm,a contour segmentation size analysis algorithm and a compensation shaping algorithm are designed to measure shape parameters and deviations of V-shaped concave profile,and to generate correction offset compensation path.Then the algorithm foundation is established for the shaping system program design.Fourthly,measurement and shaping system software is designed.Fiber laser control program,compensation generation program,grinding feeding mechanism control program and their interactive interface is designed,and image measurement program is designed for image acquisition,contour extraction,calibration,dimension measurement,standard contour generation,and deviation analysis.The designed program and interface have established the foundation for the debugging of system contour detection and shaping control.Fifthly,experimental research on laser shaped V-shaped concave bronze diamond grinding wheel is conducted.The parameters of the image measurement system are determined and the measurement accuracy of the system after calibration is within 0.02%.The circle run-out of the paralleled grinding wheel is measured within 5.22 ?m mostly and the maximum value is 10.63?m to generate standard profile for measurement.Based on the measuring and shaping system designed in this paper,laser tangential shaping V-shaped concave surface experiment is carried out.Results show that the V-concave profile geometry parameters and deviation error are all controlled within 3% after "rough shaping-compensating shaping" process which is based on the optimized process parameters,effectively improving the shape and position error of the shaping process.It is proved that the system can effectively improve the shape and position error of the shaping profile.