| At present,water environment is already one of the issues of widespread concern in the world. The Zhengzhou Kaifeng Section?abbreviated Zhengkai Section?of the Yellow River is located in the lower Yellow River,where human activities are frequent,resulting in deterioration of the Yellow River water environment.In order to study the quality of the water environment in the Zhengkai section of the Yellow River,the water samples were collected on February 18,March 12,March 27,April 09,May 07,May 21,June 09,2016,respectively.Seven surface water sampling sites at the Yellow River and eight rural groundwater?well water?sampling points were choosed.The water quality parameters of pH,TN,TP,TOC,vanadium?V?,chromium?Cr?,cobalt?Co?,nickel?Ni?,copper?Cu?,zinc?Zn?,strontium?Sr?,cadmium?Cd?,strontium?Sn?,antimony?Sb?,barium?Ba?,thallium?Tl?,lead?Pb?were analyzed in the laboratory.According to the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water?GB 3838-2002?and the Quality Standards for Groundwater?GB/T 14848-2017?,surface water and groundwater environmental quality were analyzed along the Zhengkai Section.the general chemical indicators and the toxicity index of surface water and groundwater were respectively determined according to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality?GB 5749-2006?and the Groundwater Quality Standard?GB/T 14848-2017?.The surface water and groundwater were evaluated using matter-element analysis and evaluation methods.The results are as follows:Physical and chemical indicators of surface water:pH variation range of 7.038.23,mean value of 7.62,showing the requirements of Grade-I water quality standard;TN concentration range of 4.1210.49mg·L-1,mean value of 6.72 mg·L-1,all exceeding Grade-V water quality standard limit,TN belongs to inferior water quality standard;TP concentration range of 0.030.26 mg·L-1,mean value of 0.10 mg·L-1,between the water quality standards of Grade-II and IV,TP concentration is better than TN;TOC concentration range of 2.044.92 mg·L-1,mean value of 3.80 mg·L-1,meets the limit of the Standards for Drinking Water Quality?GB 5749-2006?,according to the standards for Drinking Water Quality?GB5749-2006?that TOC concentration limits 5 mg·L-1.The maximum of the physical and chemical water quality index is located in the area below Huayuankou?Dongliuzhuang sampling point,Maozhuang sampling point?.Heavy metal indicators of surface water:the detection rate of heavy metal V,Co,Ni,Cu,Sr,Cd,Ba 7 is 100%;the detection rate of Cr element is 93%;the detection rate of Zn element is 95%The detection rate of Sn element is 68%;the detection rate of Sb and Tl elements is 98%;the detection rate of Pb element is 77%.General chemical indicators of heavy metals:In addition to Sr and Sn,there are no standards.The four indicators of V,Co,Cu,and Zn are all in accordance with Grade-I water quality in the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water?GB 3838-2002?;The maximum concentrations of V,Co,Cu,Zn,Sr,and Sn were at the Huayuankou sampling point and the Dongliuzhuang sampling point.The toxicological indicators of heavy metals:Cr,Cd,Pb all met the Grade-I water quality in the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water?GB 3838-2002?;Ni,Ba,Tl meet standard specification values;Sb(07.48?g·L-1)exceeds partly the surface water limit which is also the limit(5?g·L-1)of the Standards for Drinking Water Quality?GB 5749-2006?,Sb will be opportunely reasonable monitoring and prevention.The concentration of Cr,Cd,and Tl in the Yellow River surface water is the highest at the same time and at the same sampling point?the sampling point of the Liujiang Yellow River Bridge on May 7th?,and the correlation among them was high and the influnce factors were similar;At the sampling point of S4?Liujiang Yellow River Bridge?,the Cr,Cd,and Tl may be the same source of pollution.The maximum concentrations of Sb,Pb,Ni,and Ba are located at S2 and S3,and the maximum value for seven toxicological indicators for surface water are located at S2,S3,and S4?Huayuankou Floating Bridge,Zhengxin Yellow River Bridge,and Liujiang the Yellow River Bridge?is consistent with the conclusion that the physical and chemical water quality index is high in Huayuankou and downstream areas.The physical and chemical water quality indicators of groundwater:pH ranges 7.088.69,mean value of 7.83,which meets Grade-I water quality standard.The TN concentration ranges from 3.01 to 9.16mg·L-11 and the mean value is 6.76 mg·L-1;the TP concentration ranges from 0.01 to 0.35 mg·L-11 and its mean value is 0.11 mg·L-1;TN,TP and TOC do not have their limit value of standards.According to appendix A of the Standards for Drinking Water Quality?GB 5749-2006?,the TOC concentration limit is 5mg·L-1,and the TOC concentration range is 1.894.16 mg·L-1,with an average of 3.00 mg·L-1,meeting the Standards for Drinking Water Quality?GB 5749-2006?.In addition,the high-value areas of TN,TP,and TOC concentrations were respectively distributed at the sampling sites of G7,G6,and G5?Zhugu Village,Sanliuzhai Village West,and Sanliuzhai Village East?,nearby the surface water sampling sites,indicating that the influence factors of physicochemical indicators between surface water and groundwater in study area have certain correlations.Heavy metal index of groundwater:the detection rate of heavy gold metal elements such as V,Co,Ni,Cu,Sr,Cd,Ba 7 is 100%;the detection rate of Cr element is 63%;the detection rate of Zn element is91%;The detection rate of Sn element is 64%;the detection rate of Sb element is 47%;the detection rate of Tl element is 52%;the detection rate of Pb element is 66%.General chemical indicators of heavy metals:In addition to V,Sr,and Sn,there are no standards.The test values of the general chemical indicators Co,Cu,Zn are in line with the Grade-I water quality of the Quality Standards for Groundwater?GBT 14848-93?,It shows that the water quality of Co,Cu,and Zn is very good.Affected by well depth,the maximum and minimum concentrations of V,Co,Cu,Zn,Sr,and Sn are all concentrated in G3,G4,and G8?Daheishi Village West?.At the sampling point,the three chemical indicators of V,Co,and Sr were greatly affected by the well depth at the Daheishi Village East and Huihuizhai Village.Heavy metal toxicological indicators:The detection values of Cr,Ni,Cd,Tl,and Pb are all consistent with Grade-I water quality standards in Quality Standards for Groundwater,but Sb?Ba is classified as Grade-III water quality,which indicates that the five toxicological indicators of Cr,Ni,Cd,Tl,and Pb are in good condition;however,Sb and Ba in groundwater needs to be properly monitored and prevented.The maximum concentration of the seven toxicological indicators in groundwater are concentrated at the sampling points of G3,G6,and G8?Daheishi Village West,Sanliuzhai Village East,Huihui Village?.The maximum concentration of heavy metal general chemical indicators are located at the samilar to TN,TP and TOC.Heavy metals in groundwater may be slightly polluted at these sampling sites or villages.In addition,the correlation and regularity of heavy metal toxicological indicators in surface are better than those in groundwater.The evaluation results of matter element analysis are as follows:Sa group?Sa1:TN,TP,Cu,Zn?and?Sa2:pH,V,Co?in the surfacewater.TN concentration does not meet the evaluation criteria and does not have the conditions for conversion into standard objects.The evaluation criteria are inferior,and the maximum-3.62 indicates that TN concentration exceeding the standard is more serious;TP evaluation criteria are good and medium.Cu,Zn evaluation criteria are both excellent.Because the overall of association degree KSa1a1 is small,it makes the water quality in the surface water represented by Sa1 bad,and then resulting in a low degree of comprehensive correlation.However,the water quality represented by Sa2 is good.Sb group?Sb1:Cr,Cd,Pb?and?Sb2:Ni,Sb,Ba,Tl?:Cr,Cd evaluation criteria are both excellent.Due to Pb correlation function value Smaller,it meets the excellent and good two-level evaluation criteria.KSb1b1 and KSb2b2 are 0.02 and 0.28,respectively,which meet the evaluation requirements.The evaluation results of the toxicological indicators show that Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni,Sb,Ba,and Tl have quite good overall water quality in the surface water.Ga group?general chemical index of groundwater?in the groudwater:Cu and Zn belong to the superior grade evaluation standard.0.11 of Ga?the comprehensive correlation?indicates that the general chemical indexes of Cu and Zn in groundwater are in good condition.Gb group?Co,Sb,Tl,Cr,Ni,Cd,Ba,Pb?in the groudwater:Cr,Ni,Cd,and Pb belong to the superior level evaluation standard,and Sb and Ba belong to the intermediate level evaluation standard.The results show that the groundwater toxicity evaluation results have a maximum 0.41 of Gb and 0.30 times,which corresponds to the good and middle grade evaluation results respectively.According to the matter element analysis,the bigger value is better.The groundwater toxicity evaluation was more consistent with the intermediate evaluation standard?Grade-III water quality?. |
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