| Ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)is Araliaceae ginseng plants,Ginseng contains ginsenosides,peptides,flavonoids and other active ingredients as well as ginseng polysaccharides,vitamins,minerals and other nutrients.Among them,the most effective functional ingredient is ginsenosides.Ginsenosides have various effects such as anti-oxidation,anti-tumor,hypoglycemic,immunity enhancement,nervous system regulation and cardio-cerebral vascular system.The chemical constituents of Ginseng stems and leaves are similar to those of ginseng roots and have similar pharmacological effects.The content of ginsenosides in Ginseng stems and leaves was higher than that in roots,and the ginsenosides structure and pharmacological effects of both were the same.Ginseng is a rare medicinal material,which is expensive and has a long growing life.Ginseng stems and leaves are rich in resources,however,at present,most of the ginseng stems and leaves are not well developed or even discarded,resulting in waste of resources.In this paper,ginseng stems and leaves are used as raw materials,the work was focused on the research of extraction,purification and microencapsulation preparation and product stability of ginsenosides.It is of great significance to improve the comprehensive utilization of ginseng stem and leaf resources and additional value of products.1.Extraction of total ginsenosides from ginseng root and stems and leaves by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulase,respectively.On the basis of the result of single factor experiment,response surface methodology optimization experiment was carried out.Based on the results of single-factor tests,the optimal conditions for the enzymolysis extraction conditions of total ginsenosides from ginseng root were as follows: the enzymolysis temperature was 60?,the enzymolysis time was 2 h,the enzymolysis pH was 4.0,and the amount of enzyme added was 1000 u/g.Under this condition,three experimental validation was performed,the yield of total ginsenosides of ginseng root was(24.75 ±0.87)mg/g.The experimental results showed that optimal enzymolysis extraction conditions of total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves were as follows: the enzymolysis temperature was 60?,the enzymolysis time was 2 h,the enzymolysis pH was 4.0,and the amount of enzyme added was 2000 u/g.Under this condition,three experimental validation was performed,the yield of total ginsenosides of ginseng stems and leaves was(53.49±0.67)mg/g.By comparison of the test results,it can be concluded that the total ginsenosides content of ginseng stems and leaves is about 2.16 times that of ginsenosides.2.Dynamic microwave-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis was used to extract total ginsenosides from stems and leaves of Ginseng.Through single factor experiments and response surface optimization experiments,the optimum conditions for the extraction of total ginsenosides from stems and leaves of Ginseng by microwave-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis were obtained: the ethanol concentration was 74%.The microwave temperature was 60°C,the microwave time was 20 min,and the pump flow rate was 38 r/min.Under the optimum condition of the common enzymolysis,the method of enzymatic extraction after the dynamic microwave assisted extraction was used.Three experimental validation was performed,the yield of total ginsenosides of ginseng stems and leaves was(60.55±0.99)mg/g.The relative error between experimental and predicted values is 1.09%.Overall,dynamic microwave-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis method is successfully employed to extract total ginsenosides from stems and leaves of Ginseng.3.Select the macroporous adsorption resin with six different characteristics of HPD-100,HPD-400,DM-130,D101,X-5,AB-8 to separate and purify the total ginsenosides of ginseng stems and leaves.By comparing the adsorption and desorption effects of six macroporous resins on the total ginsenosides of ginseng stems and leaves,AB-8 resin was selected as the best resin.The purification process parameters of ginseng stems and leaves with AB-8 resin were as follows: Sample solution mass concentration of 3 mg/mL,sample solution pH of 6,sample volume of 60 mL,sample flow velocity of 1.0 mL/min,eluent volume of 160 mL(the ratio of resin volume to eluent volume is approximately 1:3.5),elution flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.Under this condition,the purity of total ginsenosides of ginseng stems and leaves increased from 15.49% to 65.42%,and improved 4.22 times.The purified ginseng stems and leaves total ginsenosides were light yellow-green powder with a purity of 65.42% and a recovery rate of 88.47%.4.The technological parameters of the spray drying method for the preparation of the total saponins of ginseng stems and leaves were optimized by the response surface method.The optimum preparation conditions are as follows: the wall material ratio(gum arabic to maltodextrin mass ratio)was 3:1,the solids content was 30%,the core/wall ratio(mass ratio)was 1:2.2,the inlet air temperature was 163 ?,and the feed flow rate was 50 mL/min.Under the above-mentioned optimal preparation conditions,the microcapsule embedding rate of total ginsenosides of ginseng stems and leaves was 88.17%5.By examining the effects of heat,light,and humidity on Ginseng stem and leaf total saponin microcapsule products,the stability test of the total ginsenosides of ginseng stems and leaves before and after microencapsulation was carried out.The results showed that: the microencapsulated ginsenosides have stronger resistance to heat,light,and humidity,greatly improving the stability of the total ginsenosides products,and significantly prolonging the preservation time.It can be seen that the total ginsenosides of ginseng stems and leaves have good stability and long shelf life under low temperature,light avoiding and low tide. |
PDF Full Text Request