Analysis Of Nutrient Component And Community Structure Of Microbial In Fresh Mare's Milk

In this paper,six fresh mare's milk collected from the Inner Mongolia Xilinguole region was regarded as the object.The nutritional components,potential pathogenic bacteria and beneficial microorganisms were analyzed by means of the traditional lab analysis methods.The microbial diversity in fresh mare's milk samples was studied by using the PacBio SMRT sequencing technique.The major results were shown as follows:There was no significant difference(p>0.05)in nutrition of six mare's milk among different regions and samples.The fat content ranged from to(0.55~1.79)g/100 mL,protein content ranged from to(2.20~2.60)g/100 mL,lactose content ranged from to(5.66~6.79)g/100 mL,total amino acid content ranged from to(1.633~2.070)mg/100mg;It is also rich in vitamins and various trace elements such as calcium,phosphorus and zinc.Among them,the content of vitamin C is higher than other samples,which ranged from to(2.520~5.322)mg/100g;The calcium content ranged from to(895~1334)mg/kg,the calcium and phosphorus ratio was about2.22:1;It is close to the human calcium and phosphorus ratio2:1.Twenty six fatty acid was detected in fresh mare's milk,?-linolenic acid contents was the highest among these compounds ranged from to(15.05~26.24)%.The saturated fatty acid contents were higher than that of unsaturated fatty acid content.The ration of saturated fatty acids: monounsaturated fatty acids: Polyunsaturated fatty acid was 1:0.58:0.71.It was closer to the recommended ratio(1:1:1)by the FAO/WHO for human the body needed.The potential harmful microorganisms detected in fresh mare's milk were E.coliform,staphylococcus aureus,and cold bacteria.The Viable Count of these bacteria in these samples were respectively(2.53±0.08~4.61±0.09 cfu/mL),(3.35±0.16~3.99±0.03)cfu/mL,(3.54±0.34~5.43±0.02)cfu/mL.It was shown that the viable count of the harmful microbes was in the scope of the national standard recommended in some samples.However,it was beyond the scope of the national standard in other samples,which meant that there were potential security risks in some fresh mare's milk.There were lactic acid bacteria and yeast in these samples of viable count were respectively(5.61±0.13~6.07±0.12)cfu/mL,(3.62±0.01~4.29± 0.05)cfu/mL.It could be seen that the number of lactic acid bacteria was higher than that of yeast in fresh mare's milk.Based on the PacBio SMRT sequencing technology,a total of 13 bacterial phylum were identified at the phylum level in fresh mare's milk,among which the content of Firmicutes(72.46%)was the most.At the genus level,a total of 138 bacterial genera were identified,among which the Bacillus occupied(23.49%)was the predominated genera.At the species level,a total of 256 bacterial species were identified,of which Bacillus cereus occupied(13.45%)of total species.In a word,the sanitary quality of the fresh mare's milk should be ensured by controlling and reducing the contamination of microorganisms in the raw milk so as to improve the safety of the dairy products.