Research On The Fugitive Dust Inventory Of Roads In Northeast China Based On AP-42 Method

In recent years,dust released by human activities has increasingly contributed to high particulate matter(PM)pollution levels in the atmosphere.In urban areas,road dust is an important source of PM pollutants and can not only aggravate haze pollution,reduce visibility,affect landscapes,increase the cost of cleaning,but also seriously damage the physical and mental health of residents in cities.Studies have shown that long-term exposure to high concentrations of inhalable particles in the environment can cause health issues and especially make the incidence of chronic obstructive respiratory disease significantly increase.It also could promote the deterioration of patients'conditions with this disease.Therefore,quantitative research of road dust and its control polity making are needed for improving air quality in urban areas with large human populations.Taking Changchun City as an example,from May to October 2017,this research selects four types of roads including main road,secondary main road,branch road and loop road for vehicles according to local actual conditions.According to the AP-42 sampling method released by the US EPA,this research calculates the dust emission factor and quarterly list of road dust emissions of the roads in the three provinces in Northeast China.The main conclusions are as follows:(I)Based on the AP-42 sampling method,15 different grade roads and 51 sampling points were selected for the four types of roads(the main road,sub-main road,branch road and ring road)for vehicles in Changchun.130 dust deposition samples on road surface were collected and analyzed experimentally.The results showed that the emission factors of PM in Jilin Province,Liaoning Province and Heilongjiang Province in summer and autumn wer 0.065?3.505?0.088?2.329?0.058?1.502?0.094?2.327?0.167?3.279 and 0.115?1.583 g.VKT-1,respectively.(2)The PM10.PM2.5 and total suspended particulate(TSP)emission factors of different types of roads in the three provinces were obtained in summer and autumn,and the PM10.PM2.5 and TSP emissions were estimated in the GIS with the available road length information.Based on the dust accumulation in the roads of Changchun City,according to the 2015 statistical yearbooks of the three provinces of Jilin,Heilongjiang,Liaoning,which contain the relevant information of vehicles in Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces(traffic flow,vehicle type ratio,etc.),the emissions of particulate matter from roads in the three provinces in summer were 1.42?0.34?7.39?3.11?3.61?16.2 and 3.61?0.877?18.82 kilotons(kt)respectively;in autumn,it was 0.9?0.22?4.71?2.34?0.57?12.18?2.94?1.85 and 15.31ktrespectively.(3)Based on the precipitation data from the ground monitoring station,the emission results are revised by using the precipitation correction terms.The results show that,in summer,the amount of PM emissions decreased by a large amount in 35.4?41.3O%.The PM emissions for the three provinces in the Northeast China have an average decrease of 38.8%.In autumn,PM emissions have dropped 17.810%and 25.8%,and 21.1%for the entire three provinces in average.The amendment to the road control measures for Changchun City shows that,in summer and autumn,dust emissions dropped by 11.3%and 4.2%respectively due to road dust control measures(including manual and mechanical cleaning).(4)The average contents of four heavy metals in road dust deposition in Changchun City were 43.079,17.137,42.891 and 115.154 mg/kg,respectively and much higher comparing to the soil background value of Jilin Province and the surface soil element content of Changchun.Also the results of the health risk assessment model showed that the non-carcinogenic risk is acceptable under the combined action of the four heavy metal elements.But the risk of carcinogenic exposure of carcinogenic metals to children and adults may be underestimated due to the lack of some parameters.