Study On The Exposure Of Heavy Metals And Bisphenol Compounds In The Pregnant Women Of Typical Region

With the advancement of technology and accelerative development of industrialization,plenty of toxic pollutants release into the environment,which not only destroys the ecological environment but also brings a great threat to human health.Wide occurrence of heavy metal pollution has caused continuous attention.Bisphenol S(BPS),bisphenol AF(BPAF)and other bisphenol alternatives are widespread used as the substitutes of bisphenol A(BPA),which make this compounds brought into the environment during the production and application.Limited information on the hazards of these BPA alternatives is available.However,few reports studied on the exposure levels of heavy metals and bisphenol A alternatives as well as tetrabromobisphenols(TBBPAs)(collectively as bisphenol compounds)in susceptible populations such as pregnant women and fetuses.In this study,we performed a series of research to investigate the exposure of 10 heavy metals,BPs and TBBPAs in the serum of pregnant women and their fetuses.The contents of this paper are as following:1.Analytical methods for detecting 10 heavy metals(including Titanium(Ti),vanadium(V),chromium(Cr),manganese(Mn),nickel(Ni),arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),tin(Sn),antimony(Sb)and lead(Pb))in blood,serum and placenta samples were established by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Besides,the analytical methods were developed to measure six compounds(BPs and TBBPAs)in serum samples using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).2.The occurrence and distribution feature of 10 heavy metals in blood,serum and placenta samples of women and their fetuses in Beijng(China)were investigated.The results showed that Ti,Mn,As,Sb and Pb were detected in 50% of the maternal and cord blood samples,and Mn showed the highest median concentration levels(19.4 and 47.8ng/m L).The detection rates of Ti,V,Mn and Sb in maternal and cord serum were all higher than 50%.It is noteworthy that there are two cases of maternal blood lead samples exceeding the health standard value(100 ng/m L).The detection rates of Ti,Mn,As,Cd and Pb in placenta samples were all higher than 50%.It is noteworthy that there are two casesof maternal blood samples that concentration of blood lead exceeding the health standard value(100 ng/mL).Through the correlation analysis of heavy metals in maternal blood or cord blood,results showed that there were high homology correlation in Ti-Mn,Ti-Pb,Mn-Pb,it suggested that they most likely came from the same pollution source.There was statistically significant positive correlation between Ti,V,As,Sb and Pb in maternal blood and cord blood(p<0.01).The placental transmission efficiency of heavy metals was also studied,the results showed that the transmission rate of Mn was the highest,followed by Cr.We analyzed the correlation between heavy metal concentration and fetal body weight and length.The results showed that there was no significant correlation between heavy metal concentration and fetal body weight and length.3.The contamination level,spatial distribution and the daily intake estimation(EDI)of six bisphenol compounds in the serum of pregnant women were detected.In the bisphenol A alternatives(BPs),the highest detected compound was BPS(71.3%),followed by BPAF(14.4%).In the tetrabromobisphenol A and its derivatives(TBBPAs),TBBPS was found in 76.8% of the pregnant women serum samples with concentrations ranging from not detected(nd)to 10.8 ng/mL.The serum samples from Liaoning and Hebei provinces contained the highest concentration of ?BPs(2.39 ng/mL)and ?TBBPAs(3.54 ng/mL),respectively.The results showed that the EDI of these six compounds ranged from 0.008(TCBPA)to 6.45 ?g/kg bw/day(BPS).Grouping pregnant women by age for EDI analysis showed that there was a significant difference(p<0.05)in the EDI values of BPS between the age groups <29 years and ?35 years,it suggested that there was a correlation between EDI and age at exposure.