Study On Radiation Preparation And Their Properties Of Functional Nanomaterials For Nuclear Application

With the rapid development of the nuclear power industry and the popularization of nuclear technology,people are going to pay more and more attention to nuclear and radiation safety.A large amount of radioactive waste which were produced by the Nuclear Power Plant in the normal operation or accident conditions will pollute the environment and produce kinds of radiation what will be a threat to the staff and the public.Effective control of radioactive waste pollution and the reduction of radiation hazards are an important issue in the field of radiation protection.This paper is based on the application of the background of radioactive pollution control and radiation shielding,taking the use of radiation technology to prepare variety of nano-functional materials and studying it’s absorption property of radioactive ions and radiation protection effects.The main research works and results are as follows:（1）The magnetic graphene modified by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was prepared in situ byγ-ray irradiation.The morphology,structure and magnetic properties of the samples were analyzed by SEM,TEM,XRD,FT-IR and VSM.The results show that the Fe₃O₄nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of the graphene and it have such a good magnetic properties that it can be separated and collected by magnets.Comparing with the magnetic graphene synthesized by NaBH₄ in the chemical reduction way,the size and spatial distribution of Fe₃O₄on the magnetic graphene prepared by in situ irradiation were more uniformly dispersed.（2）The Prussian blue nanoparticles were prepared on the surface of magnetic graphene byγ-ray irradiation,and the magnetic Prussian blue graphene composites（MPBGO）were synthesized.The morphology,structure and magnetic properties of samples were characterized by TEM,XRD,FT-IR and VSM,and the adsorption properties and mechanism of cesium ions were studied.The results showed that the Prussian blue/Fe₃O₄nanoparticles were well-distributed dispersed on the graphene surface without serious agglomeration.MPBGO composites have good magnetic properties.MPBGO composites have a good adsorption capacity,and the maximum adsorption is 180 mg·g^-1,and the removal rate can reach 96%(The initial concentration of the Cs⁺is 50 mg·L^-1).After adsorption,the Cs⁺can be quickly separated and collected under the external magnetic field.The adsorption properties were analyzed by Freundlich model,and the adsorption mechanism was preliminarily discussed.（3）The Prussian blue was prepared on the surface of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles byγ-ray irradiation,and the Fe₃O₄ composite nanoparticles（magnetic Prussian blue,MPB）coated by Prussian blue were synthesized.The morphology,structure and magnetic properties of samples were analyzed and characterized by TEM,XRD,FT-IR and VSM,and the adsorption properties and mechanism for Cs⁺were studied.The results show that the size of the MPB nanoparticles range from 100nm to150nm.MPB has a core-shell structure and strong magnetic properties,and it can be well dispersed in solution.MPB can absorb Cs⁺rapidly,and the maximum adsorption capacity is 259.9 mg·g^-1,and the removal rate can reach more than 90%.（4）Electron beam irradiation method was used to prepare the modified silicone rubber composite with nanoscale lead oxide and rare earth element,and it’s mechanical properties（tensile strength,fracture elongation,hardness）were tested,and the best modified dosage of the composite was found at 100kGy.At the same time,the radiation shielding properties were also analyzed by using different radioactive sources（Am-241,Co-60,Cs-137,Pu-238 and neutron source）.By optimizing the ratio of elements and irradiation dosage,the results show that the functional nanomaterials modified silicone rubber composite has good mechanical properties and radiation shielding performances,and it has a potential application in radiation protection field.