Habitat Utilization Of Anurans In Parks Of Shanghai City

Highly urbanization caused fragmentation or even the loss of anurans habitat,city park wetland become anurans important habitats of anurans.Study the features for the city park wetland has theoretical and applied value to the construction of city park wetland and improve its ecological service functions as anurans habitat.June to September in 2014,we conducted a survey on the anurans of 8 city parks in Shanghai,and set plots of microhabitat information.The time is between 7:30 to 10:30,we search the bank of water in city parks by highlights.There are 12 microhabitat factors were recorded,they are slope type,slope angle,salinity of water,pH of water,dissolved oxygen in water,coverage of aquatic vegetation,coverage of floating leaved plant,coverage of floating vegetation,coverage of submerged plant,tree coverage,shrub coverage and herb coverage.The total recorded 694 anuran individuals in 6 species from 5 genera,3 families.Including Bufo gargarizans,Pelophylax nigromaculata,P.plancy,Fejervarya multistriata,Microhyla ornate and Kaloula borealis.Among them,K.borealis as new record specie in Shanghai.Amphibian diversity levels exist significant difference among city parks,the number of species of Binjiang Forest Park is the highest of B.gargarizans,P.nigromaculata,P.plancy,F.multistriata,M.ornate and K.borealis totally 6 species.Gongqing Forest Park only has 3 of them;Park Shannon-Wiener diversity index from high to low is the Binjiang Forest Park,Dalianhu Wetland,Jinhai Wetland,Chenshan Botanical Garden,Shanghai Botanical Garden,Haiwan Forest Park,Century Park and Gongqing Forest Park.Microhabitat principal component analysis result shows that the cumulative contribution rate of the latest 5 principal components is 65.57%,PC1 represents the pH and salinity of water,PC2 represents the slope angle and emergent vegetation coverage,PC3 on behalf of the dissolved oxygen in the water,PC4 on behalf of herbaceous cover,shrub cover represented by PC5.PC1-PC5 combine slope type we respectively established the resource selection function model which respect 5 species of amphibians.PC2 and PC4 reached significant level in P.nigromaculata model,while in P.plancy model,PC1,PC2,PC4,PC5 and bank slope types were all significant.M.ornate model showed that PC1,PC2 and PC4 reached significant level;F.multistriata model showed that PC2 and PC4 reached significant level;B gargarizans model showed that PC1,PC2,PC4,PC5 and bank slope types were all significant.The individuals of K.borealis only 4,without the establishment of model To sum up,in addition to K.borealis,five species of amphibians are suitable to smaller slope angle in their habitats.The suitable habitats of P.nigromaculata and P.plancy should have higher aquatic vegetation coverage.P.plancy also suitable for the habitat close to natural,the water salinity and pH has certain influence similarly to it.M.ornate and F.multistriata suit lower herbaceous cover habitat.In addition to the effects of water salinity and pH,Lower herbaceous cover and higher shrub cover habitat is suitable to B.gargarizans.The results support the hypothesis that suitable habitats for anurans are different from each other and are also affected by many kinds of factors.According to the results we put forward some suggestions and opinions to the construction of Shanghai city park wetland.