| Jiangxi tobacco in fields ripening period in June each year or so,when Jiangxi is in the rainy season,high temperature and humidity.After entering in July,the rainfall began to decrease,air dry,frequent drought,and the average monthly temperature of 28?,up to 38?,high temperature duration,so that tobacco leaves"high temperature forced maturity " phenomenon.In order to better identify and classify the grading hazards of high temperature forced maturity tobacco leaves,this research studied the high temperature forced maturity tobacco leaves in the four years of 2014?2016,Jiangxi Province,through field agronomic traits,meteorological data collection,conventional chemical composition analysis and sensory quality evaluation The evaluation system of high temperature maturation index was established by means of descriptive statistics,variance analysis,AHP analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy mathematics.In this paper,the development status of tobacco leaves in Jiangxi Province is explained.Based on the actual production situation of Jiangxi tobacco,the paper points out the phenomenon of "high temperature forced maturity" in the mature period of Jiangxi tobacco,and mspecifical describe it in this paper.Based on the existing quality evaluation criteria and the opinions of experts and scholars,the construction principle of high temperature forced maturity index system was established,and the evaluation indexes of high temperature forced maturity tobacco leaf evaluation index system and five grades of high temperature ripening hazard were identified.The four criteria of the climatic conditions(weight 0.1881),physiological characteristics(weight 0.0597),chemical composition(weight 0.2175)and sensory quality(weight 0.5347)were structured.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Evaluation index system of climatic condition of high temperature forced maturity tobacco leaves:Grade ?:The daily maximum temperature(?)?35,the dalily average temperature(?)?30,relative humidity(%)?50,the daily solar radiation(MJ·m-2)10.5?11.5,the high temperature duration(d)?3;Grade ?:The daily maximum temperature(?)3 5?36,the dalily average temperature(?)30?31,relative humidity5o?60,the daily solar radiation(MJ·m-2)10.2?10.5 or 11.5?11.8,the high temperature duration(d)4?5;Grade ?:The daily maximum temperature(?)36?37,the dalily average temperature(?)31?32,relative humidity(%)60?70,the daily solar radiation(MJ ·m-2)9.9?10.3 or 11.8?12.1,the high temperature duration(d)6?7;Grade ?:The daily maximum temperature(?)37?38,the dalily average temperature(?)32?33,relative humidity(%)70?80,the daily solar radiation(MJ ·m-2)9.5?9.9 or 12.1?12.5,the high temperature duration(d)7?8;Grade ?:The daily maximum temperature(?)38?39,the dalily average temperature(?)33?35,relative humidity(%)80?90,the daily solar radiation(MJ·m-2)<9.5 or>12.5,the high temperature duration(d)>8.The daily maximum temperature,the dalily average temperature,relative humidity,the daily solar radiation and the high temperature duration weight in turn is:0.0477,0.0333,0.0722,0.0247,0.0103.(2)Evaluation index system of physiological characteristics of high temperature forced maturity tobacco leaves:Grade ?:Chlorophyll(mg·g-1)?3.00,Carotenoids(mg·g-1)?1.20,the photosynthetic rate(?mol·m-2·s-1)?40;Grade ?:Chlorophyll(mg·g-1)2.50?3.00,Carotenoids(mg·g-1)1.00?1.20,the photosynthetic rate(?mol·m-2·s-1)35?40;Grade ?:Chlorophyll(mg·g-1)2.00?2.50,Carotenoids(mg·g-1)0.80?1.00,the photosynthetic rate(?mol·m-2·s-1)30?35;Grade ?:Chlorophyll(mg·g-1)1.50?2.00,Carotenoids(mg·g-1)0.50?0.80,the photosynthetic rate(?mol·m-2·s-1)25?30;Grade ?:Chlorophyll(mg·g-1)<1.50,Carotenoids(mg·g-1)<0.50,the photosynthetic rate(?mol·m-2·s-1)<25.Chlorophyll,carotenoids and the photosynthetic rate weight in turn is:0.0048,0.0112,0.0436.(3)Evaluation index system of chemical composition of heat-forced maturity tobacco leaves:Grade ?:Nicotine(%)?2.3,total nitrogen(%)2.0?2.5,reducing sugar(%)25.0?27.0,potassium(%)2.0?2.5,sugar alkali ratio 8.5?9.5 or 10.5?11.0,the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine 0.9?1.0,potassium chloride ratio ?5;Grade ?:Nicotine(%)2.3?2.9,total nitrogen(%)1.9?2.0 or 2.5?2.6,reducing sugar(%)24.0?25.0 or 27.0?28.0,potassium(%)2.0?2.5,sugar alkali ratio 8.5?9.5 or 10.5?11.0,the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine 0.8?0.9 or 1.0?1.1,potassium chloride ratio 3.5?5;Grade ?:Nicotine(%)2.9?3.5,total nitrogen(%)1.7?1.9 or 2.6?2.8,reducing sugar(%)23.0?24.0 or 28.0?29.0,potassium(%)1.5?2.0,sugar alkali ratio 7.5?8.5 or 11.0?11.5,the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine 0.7?0.8 or 1.1?1.2,potassium chloride ratio 2?3.5;Grade ?:Nicotine(%)3.5?4.1,total nitrogen(%)1.5?1.7 or 2.8?3.0,reducing sugar(%)20.0?23.0 or 29.0?30.0,potassium(%)1.0?1.5,sugar alkali ratio 5.0?7.5 or 11.5?12.5,the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine 0.6?0.7 or 1.2?1.3,Potassium chloride ratio 1?2;Grade ?:Nicotine(%)>4.1,total nitrogen(%)<1.5 or>3.0,reducing sugar(%)<20.0 or>30.0,potassium(%)<1.0,sugar alkali ratio<5.0 or>12.5,the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine<0.6 or>1.3,potassium chloride ratio<1.Nicotine,total nitrogen,reducing sugar,potassium,sugar alkali ratio,the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine and potassium chloride ratio weight in turn is:0.0230,0.0107,0.0815,0.0056,0.0636,0.0240,0.0092.(4)Evaluation index system of sensory quality of heat-forced maturity tobacco leaves:Grade ?:Aroma quality?1.50,aroma volume?1.55,provocative?0.80,aftertaste?0.90,offensive odor?0.45;Grade ?:Aroma quality 1.35?1.50,aroma volume 1.40?1.55,provocative 0.75?0.80,aftertaste 0.80?0.90,offensive odor 0.42?0.45;Grade ?:Aroma quality 1.25?1.35,aroma volume 1.25?1.40,provocative 0.70?0.75,aftertaste 0.75?0.80,offensive odor 0.39?0.42;Grade ?:Aroma quality 1.10?1.25,aroma volume 1.10?1.25,provocative 0.60?0.70,aftertaste 0.70?0.75,offensive odor 0.35?0.39;Grade ?:Aroma quality<1.10,aroma volume<1.10,provocative<0.60,aftertaste<0.70,offensive odor<0.35;Aroma quality,aroma volume,provocative,aftertaste,offensive odor weight in turn is:0.1837,1837,0.0295,0.0690,0.0690. |
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