Chemical Constituents And Biological Activities Of The Marine Sponge Spongia Pertusa Collected From Paracel Islands

The marine sponge Spongia pertusa belongs to the family Spongiidae?Demospongiae,Dictyoceratida?.The chemical constituents and biological activities of the Spongia genus have been studied for many years by natural product chemists all over the world.The marine sponges of the Spongia genus are comprised of sesquiterpene quinones,diterpenoids,C21 terpenoids,and sesterterpenoids and other compounds.These metabolites showed a spectrum of activities,including anti-inflammatory activity,anticancer activity,antiviral activity,antioxidative activity,scavenging free radical activity and other activities.In addition,diterpenoids from the Spongia sponges showed potent binding affinity activity with rat Thyrotropin releasing hormone?TRH?receptor 2,sesterterpenoids exhibited potent inhibition activity against the farnesoid X-activated receptor?FXR?,N-containing sesterterpenoids showed strong inhibitory activity against Farnesyl transferase?FTase?,and sesquiterpene quinones displayed significant inhibtion on the lyase activity of DNA polymerase?.Herein,this thesis reported the chemical constituents and biological activities of the marine sponge Spongia pertusa from the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea.29 secondary metabolites have been isolated from the CH₂Cl₂-soluble fraction by a variety of chromatographic columns including silica gel,ODS,Sephadex LH-20,reversed phase HPLC.The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis,including IR,UV,HRESIMS,and NMR.Most of them are sesquiterpene quinones,these compounds was determined and named as spongiatin A?1?,spongiatin B?2?,spongiatin C?3?,spongiatin D?4?,spongiatin E?5?,spongiatin F?6?,spongiatin G?7?,spongiatin H?8?,spongiatin I?9?,spongiatin J?10?,spongiatin K?11?,spongiatin L?12?,spongiatin M?13?,dactyloquinone D?14?,aminoquinone?15?,dactyloquinone E?16?,nakijiquinone Q?17?,dactyloquinone B?18?,dictyoceratin C?19?,dictyoceratin A?20?,pelorol?21?,spongiatin N?22?,3-farnesyl-4-hydroxybenzoicacid?23?,spongiatinO?24?,spongiatinP?25?,?1R*,2E,4R*,7E,10S*,11S*,12R*?-10,18-diacetoxydolabella-2,7-dien-6-one?26?,methyl?2Z,6R,8R,9E?-3,6-epoxy-4,6,8-triethyl-2,4,9-dodecatrienoate?27?,didehydrofurospongin-1?28?and1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde?29?.Among the 29 compounds,1-13,22,and 24 are newcompounds,24 is a new natural product.In addition,4-21,23,and 25-29 are isolated from the Spongia genus for the first time.In the antitumor assays,compounds 4,10,15,17 and 20exhibited cytotoxicity against tissue cell lymphoma cell U937 with IC₅₀ values of 11.4?M and11.4?M,1.5?M and 0.67?M and 1.5?M respectively;compounds 15 and 17 exhibited cytotoxicity against human lung cancer cell A549 with IC₅₀ values of 26.8?M and 39.4?M respectively.