Polyphenol Extracts From Fresh Flowers And Proseccing Waste Of ‘Kushui' And ‘Four Seasons' Rose,and It's Antioxidant And Antiproliferative Activities

'Kushui'and'Four Seasons'roses are important cultivars of edible roses in China.The fresh flowers are commemly used for extracting essential oils.However,a large amount of waste residue and water is left after the extraction.In this paper,based on determination of basic nutrients and phenolic substances,ultrasonic and microwave-assisted methods were employed for extracting polyphenolics from fresh flowers,waste residue and water of'Kushui'and'Four Seasons'roses.The extraction technique was optimized.The polyphenolics extracts are assayed for antioxidant activity and anti-proliferative capacity against on HepG2 cells.The results showed as below:1.Both cultivars of flowers are rich in protein,total sugar,vitamins and ash.'Kushui'rose has a higher content of protein,total sugar and V_C,and the'Four Seasons'rose has a higher content of ash.There is no significant difference in content of V_A and V_E between the two cultivars.The flowers of two cultivars are rich in phenolics.The contents are higher of?-coumaric acid,gallic acid,catechins,quercetin,and proanthocyanidins in'Kushui'rose.The rutin content of'Four Seasons'rose is significantly higher than that of'Kushui'rose.2.Microwave and ultrasonic-assisted methods effectively extracted procyanidins,flavonoids,and total phenols from the two cultivars of flowers,waste residue and water.Microwave-assisted method had more extraction yield on procyanidins and total phenols.Ultrasonic-assisted method extracted more flavonoids.3.The polyphenol extracts of two cultivars from flowers,waste residue and water had obvious scavenging effects on ABTS~+,DPPH.,NO,hydroxyl radical,superoxide anion,and inhibiting effect on linoleic acid lipid peroxidation.The scavenging and inhibition effects of fresh flowers extracts showed the best,ABTS~+scavenging was equivalent to the control V_C and BHT when extract concentration at 0.05 mg/m L.'Kushui'rose extracts had stronger radical scavenging ability and the inhibition rate of lipid peroxidation than'Four Seasons'rose.4.The polyphenol extracts from the flowers of both cultivars had certain anti-oxidation and anti-proliferative effects on HepG2 cells.The fluorescence intensity of HepG2 cells treated with the'Kushui'rose polyphenol extract showed lower,which indicating that the anti-oxidant effect of the'Kushui'rose was superior to that of'Four Seasons'rose.Hep G2 cell treated with'Kushui'rose polyphenol extract at 1 mg/mL had lower proliferation rate than that of'Four Seasons'rose,which indicating that polyphenol extracts from'Kushui'rose had a better anti-proliferative capacity.It is suggested that'Kushui'and'Four Seasons'rose flowers are rich in nutrients and phenolics.Both ultrasonic and microwave-assisted methods effectively extract the procyanidins,flavonoid and total phenol from freh flowers,waste residue and water of two cultivars.The'Kushui'rose fresh flowers have the highest extraction yields of procyanidins and flavonoids,which are 100.21 mg/g and 12.72 mg/g,respectively.'Four Seasons'rose fresh flowers have the highest total phenol extraction yields of 67.63 mg/g.The polyphenol extracts of both cultivars have better anti-oxidation effects in vitro and in vivo,and have a certain anti-proliferative effects on HepG2 cells.