Design And Research Of Ultrasonic Cutting Device For Sheet Metal

Sheet metal materials have many advantages such as good electrical conductivity,thermal conductivity,and ductility,and are widely used in industry,agriculture,transportation,and daily life.Due to the processing principle,the traditional metal sheet cutting processing method has disadvantages such as low precision,low processing efficiency,large pollution,and large dust,which is difficult to meet the needs of a sustainable and environment-friendly processing manufacturing industry.Ultrasonic cutting technology is characterized by high cutting precision,high efficiency and environmental friendliness due to its small cutting force and low thermal effect.It is receiving more and more attention from researchers at home and abroad.Ultrasonic vibration unit is the core component of ultrasonic cutting device.How to improve its performance is especially important for the wide application of ultrasonic machining technology.This thesis intends to design an ultrasonic cutting device based on piezoelectric transducer.Through theoretical modeling,numerical simulation and other methods,the main components of the cutting device such as ultrasonic transducer,horn and cutting tool are analyzed and optimized.The main research contents are as follows:Firstly,based on the piezoelectric effect and elastic mechanics theory,the dynamic model of the ultrasonic cutting device is established,and the variable cross-section equation and frequency equation of the ultrasonic transducer are derived.Based on this,a sandwich-type piezoelectric transducer is proposed.The structural optimization design is carried out.The dynamic model of the composite horn with conical transition section is established by using the theory of elastic mechanics and vibration mechanics,and the structural optimization design is carried out.Secondly,based on the finite element method,the vibration characteristics of the piezoelectric transducer are numerically simulated,and the variation of the vibration performance with the structure size is studied.The numerical simulation method is used to study the mode shape and amplification factor of the horn with the structure size.The variation law,combined with the shape factor analysis of the length of the transition section on the vibration performance of the horn.Finally,the resonant frequency of the cutting tool is analyzed,and the influence of the tool on the longitudinal mode and vibration displacement of the horn is studied.The numerical simulation structure shows that the vibration performance of the sandwich piezoelectric transducer is directly related to its diameter;the length of the horn transition section will affect the amplification factor,vibration stability and stress distribution of the horn,and the tool loading will not Affecting the stability of the horn's work,it will have a certain amplification effect on the vibration displacement.Through theoretical modeling and numerical simulation,the ultrasonic cutting device based on sandwich piezoelectric transducer designed by this subject can meet the requirements of ultrasonic cutting of thin metal sheets,which lays a foundation for the application of ultrasonic cutting technology in metal sheets.