Analysis Of Flavonoids And Fatty Acids In Qinghai Specialty Food Resources Seabuckthorn,Black Barley,Lycium Chinensis,Lycium Ruthenicum Murr

Flavonoids and fatty acids are the two of the important natural products in the high-valued processing of agri-products.In this study,sea buckthorn,black hulless barley,artificial planting wolfberry,wild wolfberry and black wolfberry,which are the special biological resources of Qinghai Province,were used as research materials.As to the supercritical CO₂ extracts,the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry?GC-MS?method was used to analyze the fatty acid composition and its structure in the extract.Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry?UPLC-MS?,Peakview chromatography workstation fitting,two-stage mass spectrometry as well as UV spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data were used to analyze the flavonoids and their structures.The results are as follows:?1?7 kinds of fatty acid components were identified in seabuckthorn extract,including myristic acid,palmitoleic acid,palmitic acid,linoleic acid,octadecenoic acid,stearic acid and arachidic acid,in which saturated fatty acids accounted for 33.02%and the unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 66.98%?18 flavonoids were found by UPLC-MS,including 8 flavonol aglycones and flavonol glycosides,3 dihydroflavonol aglycones and dihydroflavonol glycosides,5flavonoid aglycones and Flavonoid glycosides,1 dihydroflavonoid aglycone and 1flavanolglycoside.Apigenin-6-C-glucoside-8-C-xyloside,catechin-7-glucopyranoside,alizarin,violet and acacetin were first found in seabuckthorn.?2?A total of 8 fatty acid components were identified in the extract of black hulless barley,including myristic acid,palmitoleic acid,linoleic acid,stearic acid,eicosatrienoic acid,arachidic acid,erucic acid and behenic acid,of which saturated fatty acids accounted for 9.92%,unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 90.08%,in which Linoleic acid content was over 60%?For the first time,the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify and analyze the specific components of flavonoids in black hulless barley.A total of 14 flavonoids were found,including 8 flavonol aglycones and flavonol glycosides,5 flavonoid glycosides and flavonoid glycosides and 1 kind of flavanol glycosides.Among them,quercetin,quercetin-3-?-glucuronide,kaempferol,kaempferide,isorhamnetin,myricetin,glycyrrhizin,apigenin,alizarin,sedum,apigenin-6-C-glucoside-8-C-glucose,hyperoside that is quercetin-3-O-galactopyranoside were first found in black barley and its structure was determined.?3?A total of 10 fatty acid components were identified in the extract of black wolfberry,including myristic acid,palmitoleic acid,palmitic acid,heptacosic acid,linolenic acid,linoleic acid,stearic acid,arachidonic acid,docosanoic acid and tetracosanoic acid,in which saturated fat accounted for 26.59%and unsaturated fatty acid accounted for 73.41%.Linoleic acid content was up to 61.74%.In the previous studies,the flavonoids found in black wolfberry were mainly quercetin and kaempferol.For the first time,this study used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to comprehensively identify and analyze the specific components of flavonoids in black wolfberry.A total of 13 flavonoids were found,i.e.7 flavonol aglycones and flavonol glycosides,3 dihydroflavonol aglycones,2 flavonoid aglycones and 1 dihydroflavonoid aglycon,such as rutin and hyperin,dihydroquercetin,dihydroisoorphanin,dihydrokaempferol,quercetin,apigenin,hesperetin,kaempferol,isorhamnetin,and the like.Rutin,quercetin-3-?-glucuronide,hyperoside,quercetin-3-O-galactopyranoside,dihydroquercetin,dihydroisoordin,dihydrogen Kaempferol,quercetin,apigenin,hesperetin,alizarin,kaempferol,isorhamnetin,kaempferide,among which hesperetin and alizarin are very rare in black wolfberry.?4?A total of 10 fatty acid components were identified in the artificial planting wolfberry extract,including myristic acid,palmitoleic acid,palmitic acid,linolenic acid,linoleic acid,stearic acid,arachidonic acid,erucic acid,tricosanoic acid and tetracosanoic acid,in which saturated fatty acids accounted for 36.97%and unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 63.03%.A total of 13 fatty acid components were identified in the wild wild wolfberry extract,including myristic acid,palmitoleic acid,palmitic acid,heptadecenoic acid,linolenic acid,linoleic acid,arachidonic acid,arachidic acid,and eicosanoic acid,erucic acid,tricosanoic acid and tetracosanoic acid,in which saturated fatty acids accounted for 29.38%and unsaturated fatty acids accounted for70.62%.In contrast,wolfberry did not contain stearic acid,but it had more saturated fatty acids such as leucovoric acid,arachidic acid and behenic acid.The content of unsaturated fatty acids was 70.62%,slightly higher than that of artificial planting wolfberry?63.03%?.Among them,the highest content of the two kinds of chinensis was linoleic acid.11 flavonoids were found by using UPLC-MS to identify flavonoids in artificial planting wolfberry,including 5 flavonol aglycones and flavonol glycosides,2dihydroflavonol aglycones and dihydroflavones alcohol glycosides,2 flavonoid aglycones and flavonoid glycosides,1 dihydroflavonoid aglycon and 1 flavanol aglycon,includingisorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside,dihydrokaempferol,dihydroisorhamnetin,quercetin,hesperetin,kaempferol,geranin,isorhamnetin and so on.A total of 12 flavonoids were found in wild wolfberry,including 5 flavonol aglycones and flavonol glycosides,3 dihydroflavonol aglycones and dihydroflavonol glycosides,2 flavonoid aglycones and flavonoid glycosides,1 hydroflavonoid aglycone and 1 flavanol aglycon,such as hyperoside,dihydroquercetin,dihydrokaempferol,glycyrrhizin,hesperetin,alizarin,isorhamnetin,kaempferol and the like.Artificial planting wolfberry,compared with wild wolfberry,contains isorhamnetin-glucoside,geranin,and locustin,and the latter contains hyperoside,glycyrrhizin as well as alizarin.Compared with the fatty acids and flavonoids in wild wolfberry and artificial planting wolfberry,the composition were roughly the same,but there were some differences in the composition ratio,indicating that different breeding methods can have a significant impact on the anabolism of natural products and suggesting that there will be the possibility to optimize the natural product content and composition in wolfberry or other biological resources by manually setting specific breeding methods.?5?The cleavage law of flavonoid glycosides and aglycones in negative ion mode in UPLC-MS analysis was summarized.Among the flavonoid glycosides and aglycones,RDA cleavage of the C-ring is a very important cleavage pathway,usually producing fragments ^1,3A and ^1,3B,and sometimes fragments ^1,4B.Flavonoids are prone to lose neutral small molecules in negative ion mode,such as CO,CO₂,CH₃,H₂O,CHO,CH₂O,C₃O₂ and C₂H₂O.Flavonoid glycosides are prone to lose glycosides and produce corresponding flavonoid aglycones.The results of this study not only provide a theoretical basis for the high value development of Qinghai's characteristic biological resources,but also provide an effective technical platform for the analysis of natural product components and related structural analysis.