| Orchard wastes include deciduous leaves,fruit drops,pruning branches,etc.And these wastes are usually habitats for plant disease and insect pest to live through the winter and summer.Orchards produce a large amount of wastes every year,which will not only waste of resources and pollute the environment if not treated in time,but also become the carrier or latent place of fruit tree diseases and insect pests,multiplying the source of diseases and insect pests,thus aggravating the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in orchards and increasing the use of pesticides and fertilizers.There-fore,how to use the wastes in apple orchard comprehensively and transform trash into treasure has become an urgent problem to be solved.The purpose of this study was to use the wastes in apple orchard as the experimental material,utilize the Tenebrio molitor L.larvae to transform fruit drops and the Potosia brevitarsis(Lewis)larvae to transform deciduous leaves and pruning branches,and find a new way to reuse the wastes in apple orchard through feeding,so as to achieve the effect of"source control"of diseases and insect pests.To improve the utilization rate of orchard wastes,control the transmission source of diseases and insect pests,reduce the production cost of Tenebrio molitor and Potosia brevitarsis,and explore a method combining the reuse of orchard wastes with the industrialization production of environmental insects.1.The proportion of crude protein,crude fat,crude fiber and crude ash in deciduous leaves was 5.22%,3.41%,17.88%and 10.27%respectively.The content of dry matter in apple branches was slightly higher than that in leaves,and the proportion of crude protein,crude fat,crude fiber and crude ash was 4.54%,4.32%,19.27%and15.24%respectively.The ratio of crude protein,crude fat,crude fiber and crude ash was 5.62%,2.23%,3.84%and2.95%respectively.Therefore,the wastes in apple orchard has considerable nutritional value for the resources of insects to complete their growth and development.2.The optimum feed water content of the feed for Potosia brevitarsis larvae to eat rotten apple branches and leaves is 65%and 55%respectively.The feed utilization efficiency and body weight conversion efficiency were the highest and the mortality efficiency was the lowest in the larvae fed on apple leaves fermented for 21d.The feed utilization efficiency and body weight conversion efficiency were the highest and the mortality efficiency was the lowest in the larvae fed on apple branches fermented for 28d.Therefore,the best fermentation time for apple branches is 28d,and the best fermentation time for apple leaves is 21d.3.By comparing the effects of different proportions of apple feed on Tenebrio molitor larvae,it is concluded that the feed utilization efficiency and body weight conversion efficiency of Tenebrio molitor larvae fed with 50%fruit drops+50%wheat bran are higher than those of other treatment groups,and the mortality efficiency is the lowest,which is the best proportion of apple.4.The larvae of Potosia brevitarsis and Tenebrio molitor are high protein insects.With the protein recommended by FAO/WHO as the standard protein,the EAAI of Potosia brevitarsis larvae was 88.64,which was a good protein source,the EAAI of Tenebrio molitor larvae is 97.74,which is a high quality protein source.5.The content of organic matter in dung of Potosia brevitarsis larvae and Tenebrio molitor larvae was very high,and the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in dung of Tenebrio molitor larvae was slightly higher.The application of dung of Potosia brevitarsis larvae and Tenebrio molitor larvae promoted the growth of spinach,and the spinach yield is increased obviously,the optimum application amount of the dung from Potosia brevitarsis larvae to promote the growth of spinach is 1t/667m~2,the optimal application amount of the dung from Tenebrio molitor larvae to promote the growth of spinach is 1t/667m~2.These two species of insect dung are valuable as artificial soil materials. |
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