Design Of Gas Well Parameter Measurement And Control System Based On Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Network

In oil and gas production process,pressure and temperature sensors are widely used.Compared with these conventional sensors,Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG)sensors have many advantages,such as strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability,good corrosion resistance,small size,permanent measurement in one installation,and distributed measurement.FBG sensors have become a new technology which is especially suitable for oil production process.The multi-point real-time measurement of well temperature and pressure can be realized simultaneously by using the multiplexing technology to construct the fiber Bragg grating sensor network,which has a certain practical significance for solving the downhole sensing technology barrier in the petroleum production process.In this paper,based on the application of FBG and the basic theory and properties of FBG,the characteristics and application development of FBG sensing technology are described,and the significance of FBG sensing system research is demonstrated.The basic principle of reflective FBG sensing technology is elaborated in detail.The solutions to the cross-sensitivity of temperature and pressure in the measurement process are given.Several multiplexing technologies and several commonly used demodulation technologies of FBG sensing are introduced.The advantages and disadvantages of the three demodulation methods are analyzed and compared,and the transmission of FBG is summarized.Sensor technology will play an increasingly important role in oil and gas production process.In addition,in oil and gas production,with the development of the current Internet technology,combined with FBG sensing technology and automatic control technology,in order to achieve remote monitoring and control,and in order to improve the recovery rate of gas-lift oil production and reduce production costs,it is necessary to control the wellhead gas injection flow.This paper designs a gas flow control system with STM32 microcontroller as the control core.In this paper,the principle and characteristics of flow control are introduced in detail,and the core circuit of the system is designed and analyzed comprehensively.The incremental PID control method is used to control the opening of the electric valve in order to control the flow.The feasibility of the flow control is illustrated through the analysis of specific experimental data.The microcontroller drives the ESP8266 WIFI module by AT command,which forms a local area network between the monitoring terminal of a single well and the upper computer,and realizes the communication between the terminal and the upper computer.VS software and C# language are used to compile the upper computer software,and the network communication of the system is designed.Through the use of the database,the data of some measured parameters are stored,processed and the production reports are generated according to the time.By choosing the curve drawing in the upper computer,the information of the specified parameters can be displayed on the curve,and the trend of change in a period of time can be analyzed more intuitively.In this paper,the application of FBG sensing technology in oil and gas production is separated.Combining with gas lift technology,a measurement and control network based on downhole FBG sensing technology and wellhead gas flow control technology is designed to monitor the detailed production process parameters of gas lift oil production and provide technical reference for promoting gas lift oil production.