Efficiency Evaluation And Spatial Differentiation Of Farming And Pasturing Land In The Village Area Of Qomolangma National Nature Reserve

The geological and geomorphological types of Qomolangma Nature Reserve has a variety of geological and geomorphological types and a significant vertical climate change.The regional land area is 3.38 million hectares and the land use types are rich and diverse.The regional east-west span is large,and the natural factors are significantly different,which make the land use types have the characteristics of large dispersion,small concentration,and mosaic interlacing.The unique and diversified natural resources and natural environment have created unique conditions for agriculture,animal husbandry,forestry and tourism,making them play a decisive role in the Tibet autonomous region.Agriculture and animal husbandry is the foundation and pillar industry of regional national social economic development,the mutual influence between agricultural and pastoral land systems have formed a unique regional pattern of agriculture and animal husbandry in the long-term land use process.As a region of developing agriculture and animal husbandry,Qomolangma Nature Reserve is important for the efficient use and protection of agricultural and pastoral land resources.This paper uses the efficiency evaluation model and spatial analysis technology to study the regional agriculture and animal husbandry land efficiency and its spatial differentiation based on the village scale.The research results have important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the development of agricultural and pastoral land in Qomolangma Nature Reserve.The main findings of this paper are as follows:?The vertical difference of land use in the administrative villages of Qomolangma Nature Reserve is significant.Under the various climatic conditions of the region,agricultural and livestock production and management activities have different characteristics with the change of altitude.The altitude has a great restriction on the development of regional agriculture and animal husbandry.The altitude of the region is>5200m,and there is basically no development value of agriculture and animal husbandry.In the lower elevation areas,although the climate is suitable for the development of agricultural and pastoral land,the slope of the regional low-altitude areas is steep,and the area of the forest area is large,which brings many restrictions to the regional agricultural production and management activities.?This paper finds that the efficiency of agricultural and pasture land in the village area of Qomolangma.Nature Reserve needs to be improved through the efficiency evaluation of agricultural and pasture land.There are still 75%of the village land use efficiency and 89%of the village animal husbandry land use efficiency is ineffective.The factors leading to the loss of efficiency of agricultural and pastoral land are different.The loss of efficiency of regional planting land comes from the redundancy of agricultural technology training,the redundancy of chemical fertilizer input,the insufficient output of per capita income,and the redundancy of grassland input.The large cost of industry expenditure and the lack of per capita income output are the three most important factors leading to the loss of efficiency in regional animal husbandry.In addition,the efficiency of planting land and the efficiency of animal husbandry land use in the villages of Qomolangma Nature Reserve are significantly different,and the differences tend to decrease with the increase of the efficiency value.?The development of planting land in Qomolangma Nature Reserve is greatly restricted,and there are different degrees of redundancy in factor input,Which affects the improvement of regional land use efficiency.However,the types and intensity of regional agricultural subsidies are relatively bigger,which has greatly increased the economic effect of regional rural cropland output.The evaluation results of the efficiency of planting land in the villages verify the effectiveness of regional policy support and financial subsidies in improving the efficiency of planting land,and provide limited development of such a planting industry.The border areas will achieve better development of regional agriculture and effectively protect the development direction and mode of resources.Judging from the status quo of animal husbandry land use and its efficiency evaluation,the development of animal husbandry land in the villages in the study area varies greatly.To optimize the efficiency of regional animal husbandry land use,we can consider the classification adjustment strategy based on local conditions can be considered.For the administrative villages located in the high-altitude areas,emphasis should be placed on grassland construction,considering the shortage of forage planting to supplement winter livestock and fodder;while administrative villages with good water and heat conditions should rationally allocate labor engaged in agricultural and livestock production,and coordinate the input factors of agricultural and pastoral land.The elements will play the combined effect of agriculture and animal husbandry,while the administrative villages located in the low-altitude steep slope zone of the region should consider adjusting the animal husbandry structure,strengthening the investment of captive livestock,and further increase the income of animal husbandry.?In the spatial distribution of the efficiency of farmland and animal husbandry in the study area,it does not show a complete random state,but shows a certain spatial agglomeration,that is,the area of higher and lower land use efficiency is adjacent,and the efficiency of the two types of land use spatial correlation is also strong.According to the comprehensive analysis of the spatial correlation of the efficiency of farmland and animal husbandry in the village area,the development model of farmland and animal husbandry in the study area can be summarized as five types of combination development of agriculture and animal husbandry:developed and balanced land for agriculture and animal husbandry,dominated by animal husbandry and land use,agriculture land—oriented type,the underdeveloped and balanced land for agriculture and animal husbandry,and the limited development of agriculture and animal husbandry land,the research area can implement the differential efficiency improvement strategy according to the development status of different agricultural and animal husbandry land in each administrative village,and rationally adjust the investment input of agriculture and animal husbandry land.Strengthen the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry and land,and promote the coordinated development of regional agricultural and animal husbandry land.